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The document compiles 10th-grade literature for both semesters, semester 1 and semester 2 in the 10th-grade Vietnamese language textbook. With knowledge from basic to advanced from literary works such as Tấm Cám, to Vietnamese and essay writing, it is elaborately and explicitly prepared. Especially in the 10th-grade literature preparations, the essay writing section also has specific instructions and excellent and clear sample essays to help students grasp how to write in the most suitable genre.
Through the 10th-grade literature preparations, students can completely write essays at home as well as grasp the core knowledge of each lesson. Therefore, studying and consolidating knowledge, preparing for lessons become easier and more effective. Depending on each lesson, there will be different ways to prepare to add more appeal and interest to the lesson. Therefore, to study Vietnamese literature well in the 10th grade, students can refer to the literature preparations or the good literature study book for the 10th grade to apply to their learning needs and improve them.
The 10th-grade literature preparation not only supports the learning and essay writing process of students but also can be used by teachers as effective classroom lectures. Literature subjects for many students are challenging due to the dullness of uninteresting content. Therefore, to motivate students, teachers can utilize concise and easy-to-understand 10th-grade literature preparation documents to develop the most interesting and effective teaching methods.
A few sample 10th-grade literature preparations
10th-grade literature preparation No. 1: Vận nước (Quốc tộ) - Pháp Thuận
I. BASIC KNOWLEDGE
1. Đỗ Pháp Thuận (915 – 990) has an unknown real name and hometown, was a Buddhist monk belonging to the southern Zen sect, who held important advisory positions under the Lê dynasty.
2. The poem expresses a sense of responsibility and optimism about the future of the country by the poet, while also reflecting the human desire for peace during that era and the tradition of promoting peace of the Vietnamese people.
3. Artistically, the poem is rich in philosophical content: using natural imagery to affirm the country's resilience, prosperity, and longevity. The verses are concise and emotionally charged. The lines have both content and form of an artistic maxim.
II. SKILL DEVELOPMENT
1. In the opening verse, the poet used natural imagery to describe the country's fate (the country's fate is like a clinging vine). That metaphor not only emphasizes the country's strength but also its longevity, prosperity, and development. The verse both affirms the country's fortune (Quốc tộ is the fortune of the nation) and expresses the author's hope in the country's fate.
2. Through the first two verses, we can perceive:
The country's situation: After many years of turmoil (the rebellion of the twelve warlords and the invasion of the Song dynasty in 981), our country began to enter a period of stability. The king (Lê Đại Hành) wanted to build a strong feudal dynasty, a powerful nation. In the rising atmosphere of the nation, a new era seems to be unfolding.
Mood: The poet is very optimistic about the future of the country. The two verses reflect a cheerful, optimistic, and proud mood of the author.
Compose literature 10 No. 2: Overview of Vietnamese literature
I. BASIC KNOWLEDGE
1. Components of Vietnamese literature
Folk literature; with main genres such as mythology, epic poetry, legends, fairy tales, fables, jokes, proverbs, riddles, folk songs, verses, storytelling; is collective creation and oral tradition, reflecting the common emotions of the working people.
- Written literature; basically written in Chinese characters, Nom script, and national script; is the work of intellectuals, recorded in writing, bearing the creative imprint of individuals.
2. Two major periods of Vietnamese literature
In general, the history of Vietnamese literature goes through two periods, two main types of literature: medieval literature and modern literature.
- Medieval literature, mainly existed from the 10th century to the 19th century; is literature written in Chinese characters and Nom script; formed and developed in the cultural and literary context of East Asia and Southeast Asia; had cultural exchanges with many regional literary traditions, especially Chinese literature.
3. The last two lines talk about the governing policy. Everything is condensed into two words, 'vô vi' (non-interference). According to Laozi, 'vô vi' means going along with nature, not doing anything against the laws of nature. In this poem, 'vô vi' is understood as: those who govern the country must use their virtue to inspire the people to make them believe. When the people believe, the country will naturally achieve peace. Governing the country in this way means using virtue to govern the country. The last two lines are an affirmation that only by using virtue to govern the country can a lasting strategy be established to build a peaceful and prosperous nation.
4. The key point of the poem is the two words 'thái bình' (peace). The fate of the country revolves around the two words 'thái bình,' and the governing policy also aims at those two words. The aspiration of the people at that time was to dream of a 'thái bình muôn thủa' (eternal peace). The last two lines reflect a noble tradition of the Vietnamese people, which is the tradition of cherishing peace.
- Compose literature 10 No. 3: Victory of Mtao Mxây
I. BASIC KNOWLEDGE
1. About the concept of epic poetry
Epic poetry is large-scale folk autobiographical works, using rhymed language, rhythm, constructing grandiose artistic images to narrate one or more major events occurring in the community life of ancient inhabitants.
There are two subtypes of folk epic:
- Mythological epics are epics that tell about the formation of the world, the birth of all species, the formation of ethnic groups, the ancient settlements of their time, or sometimes about the emergence of early civilizations. In our country, there are some epic works typical of this subtype such as: Giving birth to land and water (Muong), Ẳm ệt luông (Thai), Cây nêu thần (Mơ-nông),…
- Heroic epics are stories about the life and heroic exploits of the hero – the highest representative of wealth, power, strength, and dreams of the ancient community. Typical works in this subtype are: Dam San, Dam Di, Xing Nha, Khinh Du (E-de); Dam Noi (Ba-na),…. Among these works, the most widely known and famous is the epic Dam San.
2. About the excerpt from The Victory of Mtao Mxây
The excerpt from The Victory of Mtao Mxây belongs to the middle part of the work: After marrying the two sisters, Hơ Nhị and Hơ Bhị, as the chief's wives, Dam San became a wealthy and prestigious chief. Chiefs Ken Ken (Mtao Grứ) and Iron Chief (Mtao Mxây) deceived Dam San and the slaves into working in the fields, along the river for production, then came to loot his village and took Hơ Nhị to be his wife. In both cases, Dam San organized counterattacks and won, saving his wife and acquiring the enemy's land and wealth, making his prestige more glorious, and the tribe richer and more populous.
The excerpt praises Dam San's battles. It is a battle for honor, for family happiness, and moreover for a peaceful life and prosperity of the tribe. This excerpt is typical of the characteristics of the heroic epic genre.
II. COMPOSE ESSAY
1. Summarize the development of the battle in the correct order of the events and incidents
a) Dam San came to Mtao Mxây's house to challenge, but Mtao Mxây still teased him and refused to fight immediately.
b) Enter the battle:
- The first duel
+ Both sides take turns dancing with shields.
+ Mtao Mxây dances first: pretending to be weak and inferior.
+ Dam San dances with a shield: appearing strong and more skilled.
+ Result of the duel: Mtao Mxây runs everywhere to avoid Dam San's shield dance.
- The second duel
+ Dam San dances with a shield: strength like a storm. The spear continuously pierces Mtao Mxây but does not penetrate.
+ Result
+ Dam San, with the help of God, cut off Mtao Mxây's head.
+ Mtao Mxây's villagers follow Dam San to the new village.
- Compose essay 10: Tấm Cám
Câu 1:
The story's development can be divided into two phases:
- From the segment about the red slip to Tấm's visit to the festival reflects contradictions revolving around material and spiritual interests in daily life.
- The remaining part relates to Tấm's death and her reincarnation, highlighting conflicts regarding social status and class privileges (social contradictions) more prominently.
The plot development illustrates the progression of two character lines:
- Cám's mother-daughter line: becoming increasingly cruel and ruthless.
- Tấm's character line, from weak actions and reactions, she becomes more determined and proactive in reclaiming her true happiness.
Câu 2:
After death, Tấm transforms into: a golden bird - two peach trees - a wooden frame - a pumpkin. This signifies transformation into objects. This magical transformation reflects an ancient folk belief: the unity between humans and objects. All four forms of transformation show the unchanged qualities of the character: simple and bright. The transformations also depict the shifts in the character's struggle.
For example, when a golden bird, seeing Cám washing clothes, the bird advises: 'Hang your husband's clothes, hang the clothes and the hoe, but don't hang the fence, tear your husband's clothes'. But when the wooden frame speaks, it issues a threat:
Cót ca, cót két
Lấy tranh chồng chị
Chị khoét mắt ra
The overarching meaning of these transformations is to demonstrate Tấm's vigorous vitality. This vitality cannot be extinguished by any force and is the most important factor leading to the character's ultimate victory.
Câu 3:
The conflict between Tấm and Cám is intense, one must perish for the other to survive. Cám's mother consistently tries to harm Tấm, determined to annihilate her. Therefore, Tấm has only two choices, either Tấm lives (and Cám dies), or Tấm dies. Thus, Tấm's act of killing Cám is not just about revenge but also about survival. Tấm has only one choice to protect her life and happiness: she must kill Cám. Tấm's vengeful act reflects the people's perspective: 'evil doers face retribution'.
Câu 4: The essence of conflict in the Tấm Cám story.
The conflicts in this fairy tale primarily revolve around authoritarian family dynamics in ancient times (conflicts between stepmothers and stepdaughters). The root cause lies in inheriting property and enjoying the material benefits of family members (offspring). The story also subtly touches on social conflicts (regarding rights and status), but it is not the main theme. The overarching meaning of the work emerges from the conflict between good and evil. It is the struggle between the virtuous and the unscrupulous.
II. Practice
The characteristics of the fairy tale genre are expressed in Tấm Cám:
The plot involves many magical elements: the character Bụt, the fishbone, and the transformations of the main characters.
In terms of structure, the story follows the pattern: the main character must undergo many hardships before finally enjoying happiness. This is one of the common structures of the fairy tale genre.
The story reflects conflicts within society during a period of class division.
The story's conclusion is humane and optimistic.
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