Compose an Argumentative Essay on an Ideology, a Philosophical Concept

Compose an Argumentative Essay on an Ideology, a Philosophical Concept, concise 1

Question 1. Read the passage by J. Nê-ru to identify the answers to the questions below.

- Social discourse is a type of text with high practical significance, addressing the real needs of social spiritual life.
- In terms of content, social discourse often discusses topics such as: a political issue, a philosophical idea, a moral principle, a phenomenon of life...
- The topic of discourse on a philosophical idea, moral principle is often about: viewpoints on morality, worldview, human perception; about culture, religion, beliefs, methods of thought.

B. ANSWERING QUESTIONS, EXERCISES

1. Please answer the following questions from the poet To Huu:
Oh! What is a beautiful life, my friend?
You need to state:
- In the form of questions, To Huu's verses raise the issue of what constitutes a “beautiful life”. In the life of every individual, this is the most basic, essential issue for everyone to have the right perception and actively cultivate to live in accordance with being a “human being”.
- To live beautifully, everyone needs to determine:
+ Righteous, noble ideals: these include altruism, willingness to forget oneself for others, for the country, the nation; advocating for independent, free, equal, compassionate thoughts,...
+ A healthy, compassionate heart and soul: knowing how to love and protect what is beautiful, what is good,... staying away from evil, decadence; being moved by a beautiful poem, a serene and dreamy scenery,...
+ Daily expanding intellect: constantly enriching knowledge through books and direct life experiences; aspiring to access new scientific knowledge; knowing how to effectively apply that knowledge to daily labor and production life.
+ Positive, virtuous actions: actions play a special role in human life. Action is how theoretical knowledge is put into practice, learned in life. Without action, humans are just empty theoreticians, knowledge receivers without any meaning for life. If young people want to live beautifully, they need to constantly study, cultivate themselves to gradually perfect their personality.
- In terms of argumentation techniques, the following techniques can be used:
+ Explanation: what is a beautiful life.
+ Analysis: the manifestations of a beautiful life.
+ Proof: citing examples of good people, proposing ways to cultivate a beautiful life....
+ Comment: how living a beautiful life will bring value to oneself and the community.
+ Comparison: comparing with lives that are not beautiful (such as selfishness, opportunism, pursuit of profit, flattery,...), criticizing selfish, irresponsible, weak-willed, and unambitious lifestyles.
- Regarding writing style, attention should be paid: This is an issue related to social discourse, so it is necessary to use many materials from real-life situations, so refrain from using literary references to avoid shifting towards literary discourse.

2. Exercise 1, Literature Textbook 12, Volume 1, Page 21
a) The issue that Gi. Ne-ru discusses is the cultural qualities within the personality of each individual. Based on the basic content and argument structure, we can title the text: “Expressions of Human Culture” or “Cultural Traits of the Human Being”...

2. Exercise 2, Literature Textbook 12, Volume 1, Page 22
a) There are three issues to explain: Ideals, directions of action, life.
+ Ideals are aspirations for noble living, striving for eternal values and humanity in life, such as altruism, compassion, independent spirit, freedom, equality, respect for human rights,...
+ Ideals guide action. Without ideals, people do not know how to act.
+ Life is the destination of action and ideals.

b) The three principles above are closely related:
- Ideals stem from life, specifically from the inner needs of individuals and society. Without life, there can be no ideals.
- Persistent action is the way to transform ideals, which are theoretical products, into truly useful products in life.
- The destination of ideals and action is life. Thanks to ideals and action, life becomes better, society develops towards a better direction. Social justice, gender equality, personal values are recognized and honored...
- In these relationships, ideals play the role of opening up paths, guiding roles, providing a reliable foundation for people to act without fear of deviating from principles.
- Life without ideals is dull and tasteless, if not to say, not worth living.

C. SELF-ARGUMENT

Express your thoughts on the educational motto: “First learn etiquette, then learn literature”?

Hints for completing the assignment.

1. Introduction:
- In the era of openness and integration with the outside world, many cultural values ​​have been introduced, but at the same time, many cultural factors and deviant lifestyles have also infiltrated the lives of many young people. This situation poses a significant challenge to the country's education system.
- The issue of ethics, behavior,... of individuals needs to be valued and timely adjusted. The educational principle: “First learn etiquette, then learn literature” is emphasized precisely for that purpose.

2. Body:
- This educational motto originates from the teaching perspective of Confucianism. “Etiquette” itself is a very important philosophical concept of morality instructed by Confucius and his disciples. Understanding the essence of “etiquette” is not easy. Here, we only explore “etiquette” within the semantic scope related to “literature”.
- “Etiquette” means behavior, communication with culture between people according to the moral standards prescribed by society in the relationships between superiors and subordinates, between subordinates and superiors. A broader understanding is ethics in general, must respect superiors and yield to subordinates, uphold Benevolence, Righteousness, Propriety, Wisdom, Trust...
- “Literature” refers to knowledge. In a broader sense, it is the knowledge accumulated by humans through generations. “First” and “then” here should be understood relatively. It should not be assumed that the ancients only focused on “etiquette” and neglected “literature”. Both “etiquette” and “literature” are equally important, placed on the same level, but in education, morality should be prioritized.
– There was a time when President Ho Chi Minh said: Having talent without morality is useless, having morality without talent makes everything difficult. And even though ethics is highly valued, He was very aware of its shortcomings.
- In daily communication, we encounter “etiquette” in word pairs like “courtesy”, “moral integrity”...(not to mention “receptionist” (at a hotel), “wedding”...). “Courtesy” derives from the misreading of the word “law”. “Law” originates from Han Feizi's “rule of law”. Later, Tusi used this policy to help Qin Shihuang unify China.
– If “etiquette” symbolizes morality, then in this structural order, our ancestors put morality first. If anyone behaves disrespectfully, they are scolded as “discourteous” rather than “illegal”. For us, “etiquette” is much more important than “law”, perhaps the viewpoint here may stem from the governance policy “Confucianism inside, Law outside” of the vast majority of ancient Chinese politicians as well as in our country.
– “Benevolence” is one of the core philosophical principles of Confucius. Later, Mencius developed this concept strongly, naming it: Benevolence, Righteousness, Propriety, Wisdom, Trust. With the same construction as above, once again, “etiquette” comes first: “etiquette and righteousness”.
- To return to a person with “etiquette”, one must study and to study, one must go through words (literature). That “literature” may have become literature and may also be in the form of oral tradition, incomplete literature. Therefore, the role of the teacher is very important, especially in moral capacity.
- This view differs from the education system of modern Western countries. Teachers only convey knowledge in class. The morality of students has mostly been covered by specialized laws. Students come to class only to absorb knowledge (although through knowledge, they also learn morality).
- Our ancestors have always upheld the spirit of education “first learn etiquette”. If someone is educated but lacks “etiquette”, that person is considered as uncivilized. And the one who trains that student feels extremely ashamed.
- Our history records the names of many exemplary figures, worthy of being teachers for generations: Chu Van An (1293-1370), Nguyen Binh Khiem (1409-1595), Nguyen Thiep (1723-1804)... Their students, no matter how successful they are, never abandon morality, ethics towards their teachers and the people.
- It is said that one day after passing the exam, Pham Su Manh, a high-ranking official in the court, visited his teacher (Chu Van An). Along the way through the market gathering, he ordered soldiers to clear the way, causing a commotion. Knowing the situation, Chu Van An was angry and did not allow Pham Su Manh to meet him. The high-ranking court official had to kneel and beg for forgiveness from the teacher for the entire afternoon before being forgiven. There must be such morally upright teachers to train useful students for the country.
– Today's modern society, the more civilized, the less moral people seem to be, less caring for each other. Learning a lot does not mean having morality. Knowledge is very necessary for human development, but without ethics, humanity will not exist..
- When waves of civilization are pouring into our country in the era of openness, emphasizing the correct educational philosophy of our ancestors is a practical way to curb the harmful effects from developed countries. On the other hand, it also has the value of warning the destruction, to some extent, of traditional values ​​in the community psyche. Especially in the age of adolescence.
- Also need to note that, according to the above principle, education does not need to focus on knowledge? Not that. There must be a harmonious combination between imparting scientific knowledge and teaching moral principles. This is the key to any genuine education policy.

Dive into the intricacies of Exploring the Tradition of Revering Teachers and Emphasizing Ethics to excel in Grade 12 Literature.