Constructing a Gallows

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Content

Inverted 'L' Gallows

Hanging Frame (full-frame-and-stand-with-trapdoor design)

The Hanging Frame

Putting them Together

Installing the Trapdoor

Various approaches to the craft of gallows construction

Gallows are wooden structures designed to resemble a framework, typically utilized for hangings and executions. There are several varieties of gallows, ranging from a basic inverted 'L' shape to more intricate designs featuring full-frame structures with trapdoors.

Gallows construction is indeed a skilled craft, and as gallows have become less common, the number of individuals proficient in crafting quality gallows has dwindled. Collecting gallows is also considered a form of art collection, particularly prevalent in Europe.

If you are experiencing thoughts of suicide, please reach out to the National Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988.

Note: Erecting and/or operating a gallows may be prohibited in your jurisdiction. Familiarize yourself with the applicable laws before proceeding.

Steps

Inverted 'L' Gallows

An Inverted 'L' is the simplest form of gallows aside from a rope attached to a tree. The Inverted 'L' isn't usually tall enough to ensure swift neck-breaking, so strangulation tends to be the cause of death. Inverted 'L' gallows were often constructed for executions in small towns and were easily transportable. Therefore, they typically featured a basic upside-down 'L' shape. Due to their widespread production and the relatively low priority placed on craftsmanship (as long as they didn't collapse under the convict's weight), Inverted 'L' gallows are generally less valuable to collectors compared to Hanging Frames.

Utilize a sturdy timber, measuring at least 3m long, preferably between 4m and 5m. Ensure it has a width of at least 20cm (8') and is shaped as a square or rectangle.

Affix another piece of timber of similar quality but 1-2m long atop the initial piece to form an 'L' shape.

(Optional) - Attach 4 timber pieces to the end of the longer piece opposite the 1-2m section. These pieces can vary in length and are fixed in a cross formation, one on each side of the pole's square diameter. This enhances stability, serving as either a support when braces are added or an anchor when buried deeply enough.

Install a brace onto the 'tail' of the 'L' (the 1-2 m section) at roughly a 45º angle to connect it to the main pole. This reinforcement helps to stabilize and prevent breakage.

Carve a notch into the 'tail' of the 'L' section, approximately half a meter from the end. This serves as the attachment point for the noose.

Excavate a hole of sufficient depth and erect your gallows. The optional 'cross-bar anchor' can significantly enhance its stability.

Procedure - The condemned individual stands on a stool/chair, with the noose secured around the neck. When the moment arrives, the stool is removed.

Hanging Frame (full-frame-and-stand-with-trapdoor design)

This variation is notably simpler to employ, more effective, and affords the individual being hanged a modicum of dignity compared to the Inverted 'L' design. The complete Hanging Frame design is highly sought after by collectors.

Construct the platform using planks. For a single-person gallows, the platform should measure approximately 3m by 2m.

Elevate the platform 2-3m above ground by fashioning legs and braces, resembling either a stand or a sizable table. Optionally, include a staircase for accessibility, or maintain its height and use a ladder as needed.

The Hanging Frame

Take two 3m-long posts/poles fashioned into square diameters (similar to those described in the inverted 'L' design) and affix a third 2m-long pole across their tops. Optionally, add two braces from the center of the third post attaching to the other two posts at a 45º angle.

Create a notch at the top of the third post for securing the noose.

Putting them Together

Secure the posts to the top of the stand. If you opt for longer 5m posts, you can extend them through the floor of the stand to the ground. Ensure they remain firmly attached.

Create a 1m by 1m square directly under the notch on the stand's floor to serve as the trapdoor.

Installing the Trapdoor

Mount hinges onto the trapdoor and affix a ratchet and lever mechanism between it and the stand's floor for controlled release.

Operation - The individual stands on the trapdoor, and a noose is secured around their neck, looped over the notch. Upon pulling the lever at the right moment, the ratchet disengages, causing the trapdoor to open due to the person's weight.

Tips

You can explore a Double Trapdoor design for Hanging Frame Gallows.
For ensuring proper neck snap in hangings, refer to the hanging drop height chart.
- Culprit's Weight Drop
- 14 stone (196 lbs) 8 feet (2.4 m) 0in
- 13.5 stone (189 lbs) 8 feet (2.4 m) 2in
- 13 stone (182 lbs) 8 feet (2.4 m) 4in
- 12.5 stone (175 lbs) 8 feet (2.4 m) 6in
- 12 stone (168 lbs) 8 feet (2.4 m) 8in
- 11.5 stone (161 lbs) 8 feet (2.4 m) 10in
- 11 stone (154 lbs) 9 feet (2.7 m) 0in
- 10.5 stone (147 lbs) 9 feet (2.7 m) 2in
- 10 stone (140 lbs) 9 feet (2.7 m) 4in
- 9.5 stone (133 lbs) 9 feet (2.7 m) 6in
- 9 stone (126 lbs) 9 feet (2.7 m) 8in
- 8.5 stone (119 lbs) 9 feet (2.7 m) 10in
- 8 stone (112 lbs) 10 feet (3.0 m) 0in

Hanging Drop Heights...

Source: Charles Duff, Handbook of Hanging (Boston: Hale, Cushman & Flint 1929)

Important Notices

Gallows may be considered as lethal weapons in certain legal jurisdictions.
You could face murder charges if you execute someone by hanging.
If you assist someone in attempting suicide by constructing gallows, you might be prosecuted for aiding suicide or murder. Exercise caution.
Constructing gallows might lead to social ostracism and being perceived as eccentric by your community.
When erecting the Inverted 'L' gallows or attaching the frame to the Hanging frame gallows, it's advisable to work with someone else due to the substantial weight. Working alone could result in a dangerous situation if the structure topples over, leaving you trapped without assistance.
Only use gallows for hangings if you are a licensed executioner in a country or jurisdiction where hangings are legally sanctioned, and obtain proper authorization; otherwise, you risk legal repercussions.
Vigilante justice through gallows is prohibited in most, if not all, countries.
Never tie a rope around your neck or someone else's unless you can do so safely.
If you are contemplating suicide, reach out for help by calling or texting the National Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 in the United States.

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