COVARIANCE.P Function - Calculates the covariance of a set, the average product of deviations for each data point in Excel

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Ngày cập nhật gần nhất: 15/4/2026

This article introduces the COVARIANCE.P function, one of the widely used statistical functions in Excel.

Description: Returns the covariance of a set, the average product of deviations for each pair of data points in two data sets.

Syntax: COVARIANCE.P(array1,array2)

In this context:

- array1: The first range containing integers for which to calculate the covariance, is a required parameter.

- array2: The second range containing integers for which to calculate the covariance, is a required parameter.

Note:

- The parameters must be numbers, names, or reference arrays containing numbers.

- If the reference or array argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, they will be ignored.

- If array1 and array2 have a different number of data points -> the function returns an error value #N/A

- If either of the arrays is empty -> the function returns an error value #DIV/0

Example:

Calculate the covariance and mean of the product of the deviations for each pair of data points from two datasets in the table below:

- In the cell where you want to calculate, enter the formula =COVARIANCE.P(B6:B10,C6:C10)

- Press Enter -> the covariance and mean of the product of the deviations for each pair of data points from the two datasets are:

- If either of the two arrays contains empty values -> the function returns the error value #DIV/0

- If the number of data points in the two arrays is not the same -> the function returns the error value #N/A

Above are instructions and some specific examples of using the COVARIANCE.P function in Excel.

Wishing you all success!

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of the COVARIANCE.P function in Excel?

The COVARIANCE.P function in Excel is designed to return the covariance of a set of data. It calculates the average product of deviations for each pair of data points across two datasets, providing insights into their relationship.

How do you properly use the syntax for the COVARIANCE.P function?

To use the COVARIANCE.P function correctly, you need to follow the syntax: COVARIANCE.P(array1, array2). Both array1 and array2 are required parameters that should consist of numerical values or reference arrays containing numbers.

What error values might occur when using the COVARIANCE.P function?

While using the COVARIANCE.P function, you may encounter error values such as #N/A, which indicates a mismatch in the number of data points between the arrays, or #DIV/0, which occurs if either array is empty.

Can you provide an example of calculating covariance using the COVARIANCE.P function?

Certainly! For example, to calculate the covariance between two datasets, enter the formula =COVARIANCE.P(B6, C6) in the desired cell. After pressing Enter, the covariance result for the paired data points will be displayed.

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