Crafting Poetry Law, Grade 12

1. Compose Poetry Law, Short 1:

Question 1. Overview
- Poetry law in poetic forms encompasses all rules regarding the number of lines, syllables, rhyme schemes, tonal patterns, rhythmic patterns, etc., summarized according to a specific model.
- Vietnamese poetry forms fall into 3 main groups:
+ Ethnic poetry forms include: hexameter, septenary hexameter, and recitative.
+ Tang poetry forms include: pentameter, heptameter (quatrain and octet).
+ Modern poetry forms include: five syllables, seven syllables, eight syllables, mixed forms, free verse, prose poetry, etc.

Question 2. Hexameter Form (also known as six-eight form)
- Syllable count: Each hexameter couplet consists of two lines: hexameter line (6 syllables) and octameter line (8 syllables).
- Rhyme: The last syllable of the sixth syllable in each line rhymes with the eighth syllable of the octameter line.
- Rhythm: 2-2-2.
- Tonal pattern: There is a symmetrical alternation of B – T – B tones in the second, fourth, and sixth syllables of each line.

Question 3. Septenary Hexameter Form (also known as alternating septenary or septenary)
- Syllable count: A septenary couplet consists of a seven-syllable line and a hexameter couplet (6 – 8 syllables).
- Rhyme: Rhyme occurs in every couplet (loc – moc, buon – khon); septenary couplets have a masculine rhyme, while hexameter couplets have a feminine rhyme.
- Rhythm: 3 - 4 in the septenary lines and 2 – 2 – 2 in the hexameter couplets.
- Tonal pattern: The third syllable in septenary couplets serves as the standard; it can be a flat or a sharp tone.

Question 4. Tang Poetry Forms
There are two main forms: tetrameter and octet tetrameter.

Question 5. Modern Poetry Forms
Modern Vietnamese poetry encompasses various forms, ranging from two, three, four, to five, six, seven, eight syllables; free verse; and prose poetry. Poets in the New Poetry Movement have embraced the influence of French poetry, innovating traditional poetic laws and creating many modern forms.

EXERCISE
a.Chinh Phu ngam - Doan Thi Diem
- Rhyme scheme: End rhyme: nguyet, mit
- Rhythmic pattern: 3 – 4.
- Tonal pattern: Septenary couplets take the third syllable as the standard, with either a flat or a sharp tone. Here, it's a flat tone.
b.Cảnh khuya – Hồ Chí Minh
- Rhyme scheme: One rhyme, foot rhyme at the end of lines 1, 2, 4: xa, hoa, nha.
- Rhythmic pattern: 3 - 4
- Tonal pattern: Follows the pattern:
Line 1: T-B-T
Line 2: B-T-B
Line 3: B-T-B
Line 4: T-B-T
-> Second, fourth, and sixth syllables.
 

2. Compose Poetry Law, Short 2

EXERCISE
* Rhyme scheme:
- In two seven-syllable lines in the septenary hexameter form in Chinh Phu ngam (Doan Thi Diem): foot rhyme and end rhyme (nguyet – mit; may – tay).
- In Canh khuya (Hồ Chí Minh): foot rhyme and single rhyme (one rhyme) (rhyme a: xa, hoa, nha).
* Rhythmic pattern:
- In two seven-syllable lines in the septenary hexameter form in Chinh Phu ngam (Doan Thi Diem): follows the 3/4 rhythm
Trong Trang thanh / lung lay bóng nguyet
Khói Cam Tuyền / mờ mịt thức mây.
- In Canh khuya (Hồ Chí Minh): follows the 4/3 rhythm
* Tonal pattern:
- In two seven-syllable lines in the septenary hexameter form in Chinh Phu ngam (Doan Thi Diem).
T B B B B T T
T B B T T T B
- In Canh khuya (Hồ Chí Minh)
T T B B T T B
B B T T T B B
T B B T B B T
B T B B T T B
 

3. Compose Poetry Law, Short 3

I. Basic Knowledge

Furthermore, Preparing for the Law of Poetry (continued) is a crucial lesson in the Grade 12 Literature curriculum that students should pay special attention to.