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1. Historical Background of the Declaration of Independence
* Historical context:
- Colonial powers, hiding behind the shadow of the Allied forces, conspired with the Japanese to once again attempt to invade our country; the French colonialists, under the pretext of surrendering to the Japanese, handed over Indochina to French control.
- After the successful August Revolution (August 19, 1945), just 7 days later, on August 26, 1945, Ho Chi Minh returned from the Northern battlefield to Hanoi. In the house at 48 Hang Ngang Street, he drafted the Declaration of Independence, which he read on September 2, 1945, at Ba Dinh Square, Hanoi.
* Purpose of composing the Declaration of Independence
- Declaring to the entire nation and the people of the world the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam; proclaiming the end of the colonial regime in the land of Vietnam.
- Officially asserting the independence and freedom of the Vietnamese nation, of the Vietnamese people
2. Circumstances of composing the Westward March
- The Westward March battalion was formed in 1947 with the main task of coordinating with the Laotian army to wear down enemy forces -> Quang Dung once held the position of Company Commander.
- At the end of 1948, Quang Dung received orders to transfer to another unit, in Phu Luu Chanh. In the emotional moment of parting, Quang Dung wrote the poem Westward March.
3. Circumstances of composing the poem Viet Bac
A pivotal moment was on July 21, 1954, when the Geneva Accords (the ceasefire agreement) were officially signed after 75 days of negotiations among the parties in the city of Geneva (Switzerland). The content of the Accords declared the end of the colonial regime in Indochina, restoring peace throughout the region. In October of the same year, Uncle Ho and the top leadership of the Party and Government left the Viet Bac war zone to return to the capital Hanoi.
=> The poem Viet Bac was composed by To Huu in response to that historic event
- Main content: Summarizing/ portraying the difficult but heroic historical period of the nation; praising the loyal and close bond between revolutionary cadres and the people of Viet Bac; praising the merits of President Ho, the revolutionary Party that illuminated the path for our nation to achieve glorious victory; faith, hope in the bright future of the country with Uncle Ho, with the Party in leadership.
4. Circumstances of composing the poem Waves
- Circumstances of composition: The poem 'Waves' was written by Xuan Quynh in 1967, during a practical trip to the coastal area of Diem Dien - Thai Binh. 'Waves' is a poem that explores the complex emotions in the soul of a young woman in love, representing the gentle, feminine essence of poetess Xuan Quynh.
- Main content of the work: The poem 'Waves' depicts a passionate, intense love, as well as the desire to overcome the challenges of time to immortalize the woman's love.
5. Circumstances of composition of Lorca's Guitar
* Circumstances of composing Lorca's Guitar:
- Previously, Thanh Thao had the opportunity to read the poems of Lorca, even transcribing translations into a notebook and taking them to the battlefield, but did not fully understand this poet.
- Until 1979, after hearing the story of the life and death of the true revolutionary Lorca, out of admiration for this talented Spanish poet, Thanh Thao wrote the poem Lorca's Guitar.
* Main content of the work: Through the poem, Thanh Thao highlighted the image of the artist Lorca with a desire for artistic reform; a warrior dedicating his life to the struggle for freedom, justice, and righteousness. Here, the author also expressed pity, sympathy, as well as admiration for the talent and character of the true artist.
6. Circumstances of composing The Boatman of the Da River
- Circumstances of the birth of The Boatman of the Da River:
In the period from 1958 to 1960, the country was divided into two regions, the heroic South fought against the false American aggression, while the North embarked on the construction of socialism. In the North, the Party and the State implemented the policy of mobilizing the people from the plains to the Northwest to build a new economic region.
Following the state's mobilization policy, the artistic community enthusiastically ventured to the Northwest to explore new life and seek creative inspiration. Known for his adventurous spirit, Nguyen Tuan traveled to various regions, living with the soldiers and local people to explore the landscapes and find the 'golden tenth' in the scenes and people there. The essay The Boatman of the Da River is the result of this talented artist's practical journey to the Northwest.
- Main content: Nguyen Tuan's incredibly unique and subtle discoveries about the beauty and diverse forms of Northwest nature, specifically the Da River. Additionally, he discovered and praised the diligence, hard work, artistic talent, and the hidden 'golden tenth' within the laboring people in this area.
7. Circumstances of composing Who Named the River?
- Circumstances of composition: The work was written in 1981 and published in the essay collection Who Named the River? (1986). Hoang Phu Ngoc Tuong wrote this collection after the restoration of peace, where the mountains and rivers gathered inspiration, and the heroism ideology enveloped all literary and artistic creations.
- Theme of the work: Love for the homeland, the country intertwined with love for nature and pride in the good traditional cultural values of the nation.
- Main content: Exploring the beauty of the Perfume River in various aspects: Geography, history, culture, poetry, etc.; thereby expressing love for the homeland, pride in the beauty of the hometown river, and recognizing the talent, rich and diverse knowledge of the writer Hoang Phu Ngoc Tuong.
8. Circumstances of composing The Country by Nguyen Khoa Diem
- Circumstances of composing The Country: This excerpt is from the beginning of Chapter V of the epic poem The Thirsty Road. Written in the fierce anti-American war years in 1971 in the Trị Thiên combat zone, poet Nguyen Khoa Diem directly wielded a gun on the battlefield. 'The Thirsty Road' serves to awaken the youth, nurture love for the homeland, the people, and self-awareness of one's responsibility to join the nation's struggle, participating in the fight for the people's liberation.
- Brief content of the excerpt: The work is an exploration of the country on various fronts by poet Nguyen Khoa Diem, particularly emphasizing the people's idea of the country and the country of folklore and mythology.
9. Circumstances of composing The Song of the Ship
- Circumstances of the birth of the work:
+ National context: Just healed from the wounds of war, the North was rising to build socialism. This was also a period when the country was vigorously recovering, and the new life was blooming, calling for the joy of the people's lives.
+ Inspiration source: From the political directive of the Party, migrating to build a new economic region in the Northwest mountains (1955 - 1960) awakened in the poet's soul a desire to integrate with the common identity of the nation. Abandoning the urban glamour, the poet shared the hardships of the people's lives and rediscovered the poetic inspiration that had been dulled and eroded during the war years.
- Main content of the poem: 'The Song of the Ship' is the longing of a poetic soul wanting to embark on a journey to integrate with the people's life, to cast aside the selfish path of personal ego, to close the heart to the previous life.
10. Circumstances of composing A Phu Couple
- Circumstances of composition: 'A Phu Couple' is one of three short stories in the collection 'Northwest Stories,' written in 1952 when To Hoai joined the army to liberate the Northwest. During that eight-month journey, To Hoai lived, interacted, and gained a deeper understanding of the lives of the ethnic minorities in the mountainous region.
- Overview of the main content of the work: The short story 'A Phu Couple' condemns the crimes of the ruling class while affirming and praising the hidden vitality and desire for freedom in the laborers of the Northwest highlands.
11. Circumstances of composing The Picked Wife
- Circumstances of composition: The precursor to the short story 'The Picked Wife' is the novel 'Xom ngu cu' (1946) written by the author Kim Lan right after the August Revolution but left unfinished and lost the manuscript. Later, in 1954, the author rewrote it into the story 'The Picked Wife' based on the old plot, published in the collection 'The Ugly Dog' (1962).
- Overview of the main content of the work: The short story 'The Picked Wife' by Kim Lan reflects the severe famine in 1945 caused by the French colonialists and Japanese invaders, while praising the beautiful qualities, the desire for family happiness, and the belief in the bright future of the working people.
12. Circumstances of composing The Python in the Forest
In 1965, the United States aggressively deployed troops in the South with the sweeping and annihilating campaign against the Viet Cong. In March 1965, they landed forces on Chu Lai beach, starting the Regional War. In such tense circumstances, amidst the 'thousand pounds hanging by a hair,' writer Nguyen Ngoc composed the short story The Python in the Forest as a form of encouragement, uplifting the spirits of the people to rise up against foreign invaders, staunchly defending the independence and freedom of the nation effectively. This work also affirms the courageous, indomitable, and resilient spirit of the heroic people of the Central Highlands in particular and the entire Vietnamese nation in general at that time.
13. Circumstances of composing Children in the Family
- Circumstances of composition: The short story 'Children in the Family' was written by Nguyen Thi in February 1966, during the fierce resistance against the United States, while she worked for the Liberation Army Literary Magazine.
- Overview of the main content of the work: The story depicts the profound relationship between family affection and love for the country, between family traditions and national traditions. This deep bond has created immense spiritual strength for the people of Vietnam during the resistance against the United States.
14. Circumstances of composing The Boat Beyond the Horizon
- Circumstances of composition:
+ The short story 'The Boat Beyond the Horizon' was written in August 1983, at the triumphant end of the anti-American imperialist war, as the nation entered a period of renovation.
+ This short story belongs to the second creative phase in Nguyen Minh Chau's writing career – from the epic, sentimental style to the inspiration of worldly issues involving ethics and philosophical principles of human life.
- Overview of the main content of the work: Through the story of a piece of art, 'The Boat Beyond the Horizon' provides a profound lesson on how to perceive human beings and life: there needs to be a multi-dimensional perspective when evaluating individuals and objects. At the same time, it conveys correct views on art and the relationship between art and life.
15. Circumstances of composing The Soul of Truong Ba, the Butchered Skin
- Circumstances of composition: The excerpt 'The Soul of Truong Ba, the Butchered Skin' is taken from scenes VII and the conclusion of the play, composed in 1981 and first presented to the public in 1984.
- Overview of the main content of the work: The excerpt depicts the ironic, painful situation of Truong Ba caught in the contradiction between the inner and outer, the noble soul and his flesh as a butchered commodity, thereby emphasizing the critical significance and humanistic philosophies.
16. Circumstances of composing Moving back to the village
The victorious end of the border war, along with the triumphant atmosphere of the entire nation and the mountainous people in particular, inspired Nong Quoc Chan to pen these verses. The poem encapsulates sincere and profound emotions, as well as the joy and pride of the author towards the people during the painful but heroic resistance against the French. It marks a significant triumph for the mountainous communities, liberating them from the exploitation and oppression of the colonial forces.
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In addition to the creative process, understanding the topic is a crucial step in comprehending the themes and ideas of the work. Mytour presents to you an article on the Significance of Titles in 12th-grade Literature Works. Best wishes to all students for successful learning!
