Prepare Lesson: Borrowed Words

Prepare Lesson: Borrowed Words, Short 1

I. Native Vietnamese Words and Borrowed Words 

Prepare Lesson: Borrowed Words, Short 2

I. Native Vietnamese Words and Borrowed Words:

1. Based on the annotations in the Saint Giong legend, explain the words 'trượng' and 'tráng sĩ' in the following sentence:
Trượng: a unit of measurement equal to 10 ancient Chinese thước (approximately 3.33 meters); here understood as very tall.
Tráng sĩ: individuals with strong physical strength, vigorous spirit, or those who accomplish great deeds. (tráng: strong, large, robust; sĩ: intellectuals in ancient times and generally respected individuals).

2. In your opinion, the annotated words originate from: ancient Chinese.
3. Among the following words, which ones are borrowed from Chinese? Which ones are borrowed from other languages?
Chinese: ambassadors, territories, liver, electricity, sails.
Indo-European: television, soap, radio, propaganda, station, typewriter, pump, internet.

4. Provide comments on the borrowing writing method above:
Borrowed words that have been highly Vietnamese-ized (from Chinese, English, French, etc.) are written like native Vietnamese words.
Borrowed words that have not been highly Vietnamese-ized are written with hyphens between syllables.

II. Principles of Borrowing Words
How do you understand the following statement by President Ho Chi Minh?
--> President Ho Chi Minh wants to convey to us that borrowing words enriches the Vietnamese language, but one should only borrow when Vietnamese lacks a word or is difficult to translate, otherwise, borrowing should be avoided.

III. PRACTICE:
1. Identify the borrowed words in the sentences below. Specify the languages from which these words are borrowed.
a. Borrowed from Chinese: extremely, surprised, natural, pretentious.
b. Borrowed from Chinese: relatives.
c. Borrowed from English: pop, Microsoft, internet.

2. Determine the meanings of the following Sino-Vietnamese words:
a.
- Audience: khán = see, giả = person ⟹ viewer.
- Listener: thính = hear, giả = person ⟹ listener.
- Reader: độc = read, giả = person ⟹ reader.

b.
- Weak point: yếu = important, điểm = place ⟹ important place, focal point.
- Weak summary: yếu = important, lược = summary ⟹ summary of important things.

3. List some borrowed words:
a. As names of units of measurement: meter, liter, kilogram, kilometer,…
b. As names of some bicycle parts: handlebar, kickstand,…
c. As names of some objects like: radio, violoncello, frying pan,…

4. Which words in the pairs below are borrowed words? When can they be used, and with which communication partners?
Borrowed words: phone, fan, roof of a pond.
They can be used in the following situations:
- In social situations with friends, family.
- Can be used in writing news, newspaper articles.

5. Spell the story of Saint Giong

Prepare Lesson: Borrowed Words, Short 3

I. Native Vietnamese Words and Borrowed Words
Question 1 (page 24 literature 6 textbook volume 1)
- Trượng: a unit of measurement equal to 10 thước of ancient China.
- Tráng sĩ: individuals with strong physical strength, vigorous spirit, or those who accomplish great deeds.

Question 2 (page 24 literature 6 textbook volume 1)
The recently annotated words have their origins in Han.

Question 3 (page 24 literature 6 textbook volume 1)
- Words borrowed from Chinese: Ambassadors, sails, territories, liver.
- Words borrowed from Indo-European: soap, propaganda, radio, typewriter, television, internet.

II. Principles of Borrowing Words
Opinion of Ho Chi Minh:
- With society evolving and innovating, when our vocabulary is insufficient, we need to borrow from foreign languages.
- One should not borrow arbitrarily; to use borrowed words effectively, one must understand the context and avoid misunderstandings and misuse.
⇒ This is the principle of borrowing words with dignity.

III. Practice
Exercise 1 (page 26 literature 6 textbook volume 1)
a, Borrowed words from Chinese: sính lễ, ngạc nhiên, vô cùng
b, Borrowed words from Chinese: gia nhân
c, Borrowed words from Indo-European: pop, internet
Borrowed words from Chinese: decision

Exercise 2 (page 26 literature 6 textbook volume 1)
a, Defining words
- Audience: to watch
- Listener: to hear
- Reader: to read
- Person: individual
b, Defining words
- Weakness: significant point, crucial
- Point: point
- Summary: summarize

Exercise 3 (page 26 literature 6 textbook volume 1)
- Words indicating units of measurement: meter, kilometer, hectare, kilogram…
- Words indicating parts of a bicycle: pedal, handlebar, kickstand…
- Names of some items: radio, sandbox, notebook, screwdriver…

Exercise 4 (page 26 literature 6 textbook volume 1)
- Borrowed words: phone, fan, fish tank
- These borrowed words are used in informal communication with close friends and family. They may be used in newspapers. Avoid using them in formal or ceremonial situations.

Exercise 5 (page 26 literature 6 textbook volume 1) Spell the story of Saint Giong

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