Buzz
Prompt: Compose a report on the research findings regarding the formal features of Đường Luật poetry through an exploration of selected medieval poems.
Sample Essay: Presenting Research Findings on a Chosen Topic
I. Outline: Craft a report on the research findings regarding the formal features of Đường Luật poetry through an exploration of selected medieval poems.
1. Introduction:
- Present the chosen research problem (topic).
- Explain the reasons, objectives, and research methods.
Suggestions:
+ Reasons and Objectives for Topic Selection: Investigate the formal characteristics of Đường Luật poetry through a study of selected medieval poems, laying the groundwork for understanding innovation in Nôm Đường Luật poetry in Vietnam.
+ Research Methodology: Utilize historical analysis, comparative methods, statistical approaches, etc.
2. Content Section
Suggestions:
- Introduce the studied Đường Luật poems.
- Analyze the general structure of various poetic forms: seven-word quatrains, eight-line regulated verses, pentasyllabic regulated verses, etc.
=> See detailed outline HERE
II. Sample Essay: Research Report on the Formal Characteristics of Đường Luật Poetry in Selected Medieval Poems
A. Introduction
1. Reason for choosing the topic
Regulated Verse poetry is a prevalent form in the literary traditions of East Asian cultures during the medieval era (including China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam). This genre is characterized by intricate rules in rhyme, tone, structure, couplets, and arrangement. Understanding the formal features of Regulated Verse poetry serves as a foundation to explore the innovation and evolution of Vietnamese Nom Regulated Verse poetry in the future.
2. Objectives and research methodology
a. Research Objectives:
+ Investigate the formal characteristics of Nom Regulated Verse poetry to lay the groundwork for exploring the innovation and evolution of Vietnamese Nom Regulated Verse poetry.
b. Research Subjects:
+ Explored Law Đường Thơ poems: Floating Rice Dumplings, Crossing the Ngang Pass, Friends Visiting, Impressions from Quảng Đông Prison, Stone Breaking in Côn Lôn, etc.
+ Formal Characteristics of Law Đường Thơ.
c. Research Methodology
+ Analytical and comparative methods.
+ Synthetic and abstract methods.
B. Research Content
1. Classify the Đường Luật poems in the Secondary and High School Literature Programs by genre.
In the Secondary and High School Literature Programs, Đường Luật poems are mainly classified into three poetic forms: seven-word quatrains of Đường Luật, eight-line regulated verses of Đường Luật, and pentasyllabic regulated verses of Đường Luật. We can categorize the studied Đường Luật poems in educational institutions as follows:
- Seven-word quatrains of Đường Luật: 'Friends Visiting - Nguyễn Khuyến', 'Autumn Emotions - Đỗ Phủ', ''Crossing the Ngang Pass - Bà Huyện Thanh Quan', 'Autumn Fishing - Nguyễn Khuyến'.
- Eight-line regulated verses of Đường Luật: 'Southern Rivers and Mountains - author unknown', 'Lunar New Year's Full Moon - Hồ Chí Minh', 'Heavenly Ambitions - Trần Nhân Tông', 'Floating Rice Dumplings - Hồ Xuân Hương', 'Expressing Feelings - Phạm Ngũ Lão'.
- Pentasyllabic regulated verses of Đường Luật: 'The Old Monk Returns to the Capital - Trần Quang Khải', 'Inner Tranquility - Lý Bạch', 'National Pulse - Zen Master Đỗ Pháp Thuận'.
2. Structure of Đường Luật Poems
Exploring the structure of Đường Luật poems brings us closer to the essence of the works. The study focuses on analyzing the structure of the three types of Đường Luật poems studied in Secondary and High School Literature Programs: seven-word quatrains, eight-line regulated verses, and pentasyllabic regulated verses:
- Seven-word quatrains of Đường Luật: consists of 4 parts: Introduction (Lines 1, 2) - Development (Lines 3, 4) - Argument (Lines 5, 6) - Conclusion (Lines 7, 8).
- Eight-line regulated verses of Đường Luật: comprises 4 parts: Introduction - Expansion - Transition - Conclusion.
- Pentasyllabic regulated verses of Đường Luật: includes 4 parts: Introduction - Development - Argument - Conclusion.
3. Rhyming Technique
The rhyming technique in Đường Luật poems is strictly adhered to. In seven-word quatrains, the author needs to rhyme at the end of lines 1, 2, 4, 6, 8. For example, in Nguyễn Khuyến's poem 'Friends Visiting,' the author rhymes with 'a' at the end of lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, respectively: 'home' - 'far' - 'chicken' - 'flowers' - 'us.' Similarly, in Bà Huyện Thanh Quan's poem 'Crossing the Ngang Pass,' the poet also rhymes with 'a' at the end of lines 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, respectively: 'pagoda' - 'flowers' - 'home' - 'family' - 'us.'
In the seven-word quatrains, only the first lines of 1, 2, 4 rhyme, as seen in Phạm Ngũ Lão's poem 'Revealing the Heart,' where the rhyme pattern is evident: 'autumn' - 'ox' - 'courtier.'
4. Couplet (Đối)
Couplets in Đường Luật poetry are expressed in a rich and diverse manner. Especially in seven-word quatrains, the two real lines and the argument line often form a couplet. Besides rhyme, coupling can also be expressed through words (parts of speech), imagery, etc. If the coupling is within two lines in a sentence, it is called 'small coupling.' Coupling between lines is called 'large coupling.' Based on contrast or similarity in the paired lines, coupling is divided into two main types: contrasting coupling and similar coupling.
5. Parallelism, Regulation
In seven-word quatrains, parallelism is strictly regulated: line 1 parallels with line 8, line 2 with line 3, line 4 with line 5, and line 6 with line 7. Regulation involves the balancing of tones within a line. In a verse, the first, third, and fifth syllables do not emphasize balance, while the second, fourth, and sixth syllables must balance in terms of sound. Seven-word quatrains and pentasyllabic regulated verses adhere to the rules of parallelism and regulation like seven-word quatrains.
Example: Parallelism and regulation in the poem 'Crossing the Ngang Pass' - Bà Huyện Thanh Quan
📌 Selected Sample Essays:
📝Write an essay recounting an event related to a character or historical event you admire
📝Write a paragraph about someone in school whom you admire
📝Discuss the tastes of young people today
📝Role-play as Thúy Kiều recounting a passage from Kiều at Ngưng Bích Tower
📝Write a paragraph recounting a favorite class
📝Analyse and evaluate 'Spring Ripens,' a poem by Hàn Mặc Tử
📝Analyse and evaluate the story 'God's Totem Pole'
📝Write a persuasive text analysing and evaluating a narrative
📝Tell a story of a time you helped someone or were helped by others
📝Write an essay recounting a real event related to a character or historical event
📝Narrate a memory with a close friend
6. Creative Aspects of Nôm Đường Luật Poetry
Despite strong influences from Chinese literature during the years of invasion, Vietnamese literature maintains its distinct inheritance and creativity. A notable example is the emergence of Nôm Đường Luật poetry. Through learning and assimilating from Đường Luật poetry combined with the national language, our ancestors created this poetic form. Nôm Đường Luật poetry, while still adhering to the form of Đường poetry, exhibits innovation in rhythm, imagery, language, etc., in some poems. For example, in Hồ Xuân Hương's poem 'Self-love,' there is innovation in imagery, language, and the structure of parallelism and regulation. Some poems also intersperse hexasyllabic lines among heptasyllabic lines.
C. Conclusion
https://Mytour.vn/van-mau-em-hay-viet-bao-cao-ket-qua-nghien-cuu-ve-dac-diem-hinh-thuc-tho-duong-luat-qua-mot-so-bai-tho-trung-dai-da-hoc-30674n.aspx
Đường Luật poetry, in general, and regulated poetry, in particular, due to creative constraints, must adhere to strict regulations regarding parallelism, regulation, rhyme, couplet, and structural arrangements. Therefore, the choice of regulated poetry has the advantage of conciseness and density but also limits the expression of emotions and thoughts with changing times. The article outlines the characteristics of the poetic genre of regulated poetry, initially exploring the formal features of Đường Luật poetry through some studied poems of the Middle Ages.
