Buzz
Currently, a video clip of a 1st-grade Vietnamese teacher with a unique spelling method is causing a stir on social media, making many parents and viewers feel uneasy. However, it is known that this is the way to spell Vietnamese according to the Educational Innovation. This spelling method is currently being implemented and deployed in 49 provinces and cities nationwide.
To help parents with small children in 1st grade, and everyone in general, understand this spelling method, Mytour provides a guide on how to spell Vietnamese according to the Educational Innovation books.
Sound chart according to the Technology Education program
- Letters are read as usual: a, ă, â, b, ch, e, ê, g, h, i, kh, l, m, n, ng, ngh, nh, o, ô, ơ, ph, s, t, th, u, ư, v, x, y
- Letters are read as 'dờ' but pronounced differently: gi; r; d
- All letters are pronounced as 'cờ': c; k; q
| Vần | Cách đọc | Vần | Cách đọc |
| gì | gì – gi huyền gì | uôm | uôm – ua – m - uôm |
| iê, yê, ya | đều đọc là ia | uôt | uôt – ua – t - uôt |
| uô | đọc là ua | uôc | uôc – ua – c - uôc |
| ươ | đọc là ưa | uông | uông – ua – ng - uông |
| iêu | iêu – ia – u – iêu | ươi | ươi – ưa – i - ươi |
| yêu | yêu – ia – u – yêu | ươn | ươn – ưa – n - ươn |
| iên | iên – ia – n - iên | ương | ương - ưa – ng - ương |
| yên | yên – ia – n – yên | ươm | ươm – ưa – m - ươm |
| iêt | iêt – ia – t – iêt | ươc | ươc – ưa – c – ươc |
| iêc | iêc – ia – c – iêc | ươp | ươp – ưa – p - ươp |
| iêp | iêp – ia – p – iêp | oai | oai – o- ai- oai |
| yêm | yêm – ia – m – yêm | oay | oay – o – ay - oay |
| iêng | iêng – ia – ng - iêng | oan | oan – o – an - oan |
| uôi | uôi – ua – i – uôi | oăn | oăn – o – ăn - oăn |
| uôn | uôn – ua – n – uôn | oang | oang – o – ang - oang |
| uyên | uyên – u – yên - uyên | oăng | oăng – o – ăng - oăng |
| uych | uych – u – ych - uych | oanh | oanh – o – anh - oanh |
| uynh | uynh – u – ynh – uynh | oach | oach – o – ach - oach |
| uyêt | uyêt - u – yêt – uyêt | oat | oat - o – at - oat |
| uya | uya – u – ya – uya | oăt | oăt – o – ăt – oăt |
| uyt | uyt – u – yt – uyt | uân | uân – u – ân – uân |
| oi | oi – o – i - oi | uât | uât – u – ât – uât |
The following sounds are still pronounced the same:
i, ai, ôi, ơi, ui, ưi, ay, ây, eo, ao, au, âu, iu, êu, ưu, on, an, ăn, ân, ơn, ưn, ôn, in, un, om, am ăm, âm, ôm, ơm, êm, em, im, um, ot, at, ăt, ât, ôt, ơt, et, êt, ut, ưt, it.
SOME READINGS DIFFERENT FROM THE OLD ONES
| Tiếng | Cách đọc | Ghi chú |
| dơ | dơ – dờ - ơ - dơ | Đọc nhẹ |
| giơ | giơ – giờ - ơ – giờ | Đọc nặng hơn một chút |
| giờ | giờ - giơ – huyền – giờ | |
| rô | rô – rờ - ô - rô | Đọc rung lưỡi |
| kinh | cờ - inh - kinh | Luật chính tả: âm "cờ" đứng trước i viết bằng chữ “ca” |
| quynh | Quynh – cờ - uynh - quynh | Luật chính tả: âm "cờ" đứng trước âm đệm phải viết bằng chữ "cu" và âm đệm viết bằng chữ u. |
| qua | Qua – cờ - oa - qua | Luật chính tả: như trên |
Note: The alphabet below is the sound names used to teach 1st-grade students. When reading the names of the 29 letters, it remains the same as before.
| Chữ cái | Tên chữ cái | Chữ cái | Tên chữ cái |
| a | a | n | en – nờ |
| ă | á | o | o |
| â | ớ | ô | ô |
| b | bê | ơ | ơ |
| c | xê | p | pê |
| d | dê | q | quy |
| đ | đê | r | e – rờ |
| e | e | s | ét - sì |
| ê | ê | t | tê |
| g | giê | u | u |
| h | hát | ư | ư |
| i | i | v | vê |
| k | ca | x | ích - xì |
| l | e – lờ | y | y - dài |
| m | em – mờ |
| Tiếng | Cách đọc | Ghi chú |
| Dơ | Dờ - ơ – dơ | |
| Giơ | Giờ - ơ – dơ | Đọc là "dờ" nhưng có tiếng gió. |
| Giờ | Giơ – huyền – giờ | Đọc là "dờ" nhưng có tiếng gió. |
| Rô | Rờ - ô – rô | |
| Kinh | Cờ - inh – kinh | |
| Quynh | Cờ - uynh - quynh | |
| Qua | Cờ - oa - qua | |
| Quê | Cờ - uê - quê | |
| Quyết | Cờ - uyêt – quyêt Quyêt – sắc quyết | |
| Bà | Bờ - a ba, Ba – huyền - bà | |
| Mướp | ưa - p - ươp mờ - ươp - mươp Mươp - sắc - mướp | (Nếu các con chưa biết đánh vần ươp thì mới phải đánh vần từ ưa - p - ươp) |
| Bướm | ưa - m - ươm bờ - ươm - bươm Bươm - sắc - bướm | |
| Bướng | bờ - ương – bương Bương – sắc – bướng | |
| Khoai | Khờ - oai - khoai | |
| Khoái | Khờ - oai – khoai Khoai – sắc - khoái | |
| Thuốc | Ua – cờ- uốcthờ - uôc - thuôc Thuôc – sắc – thuốc | |
| Mười | Ưa – i – ươi-mờ - ươi - mươi Mươi - huyền - mười | |
| Buồm | Ua – mờ - uôm - bờ - uôm - buôm Buôm – huyền – buồm. | |
| Buộc | Ua – cờ - uôcbờ - uôc - buôc Buôc – nặng – buộc | |
| Suốt | Ua – tờ - uôt – suôt Suôt – sắc – suốt | |
| Quần | U – ân – uân cờ - uân – quân Quân – huyền – quần. | |
| Tiệc | Ia – cờ - iêc - tờ - iêc - tiêc Tiêc – nặng – tiệc. | |
| Thiệp | Ia – pờ - iêp thờ - iêp - thiêp Thiêp – nặng – thiệp | |
| Buồn | Ua – nờ - uôn – buôn Buôn – huyền – buồn. | |
| Bưởi | Ưa – i – ươi – bươi Bươi – hỏi – bưởi. | |
| Chuối | Ua – i – uôi – chuôi Chuôi – sắc – chuối. | |
| Chiềng | Ia – ngờ - iêng – chiêng Chiêng – huyền – chiềng. | |
| Giềng | Ia – ngờ - iêng – giêng Giêng – huyền – giềng | Đọc gi là "dờ" nhưng có tiếng gió |
| Huấn | U – ân – uân – huân Huân – sắc – huấn. | |
| Quắt | o – ăt – oăt – cờ - oăt – quăt. Quăt – sắc – quắt | |
| Huỳnh | u – ynh – uynh – huynh huynh – huyền – huỳnh | |
| Xoắn | O – ăn – oăn – xoăn Xoăn – sắc – xoắn | |
| Thuyền | U – yên – uyên – thuyên Thuyên – huyền – thuyền. | |
| Quăng | O – ăn – oăng – cờ - oăng – quăng. | |
| Chiếp | ia – p – iêp – chiêp Chiêm – sắc – chiếp | |
| Huỵch | u – ych – uych – huych huych – nặng – huỵch. | |
| Xiếc | ia – c – iêc – xiêc xiêc – sắc – xiếc |
Phonetic Chart According to VNEN Program
- The following sounds are pronounced the same as before: a, ă, â, b, ch, e, ê, g, h, I, kh, I, m, n, ng, ngh, nh, o, ô, ơ, ph, s, t, th, u, ư, v, x, y
- The sounds are pronounced as 'dờ' but with different pronunciations: gi; r; d
- The sounds are pronounced as 'cờ': c; k; q
| Vần | Cách đọc | Vần | Cách đọc |
| gì | gì – gi huyền gì | uôm | uôm – ua – m - uôm |
| iê, yê, ya | đều đọc là ia | uôt | uôt – ua – t - uôt |
| uô | đọc là ua | uôc | uôc – ua – c - uôc |
| ươ | đọc là ưa | uông | uông – ua – ng - uông |
| iêu | iêu – ia – u – iêu | ươi | ươi – ưa – i - ươi |
| yêu | yêu – ia – u – yêu | ươn | ươn – ưa – n - ươn |
| iên | iên – ia – n - iên | ương | ương - ưa – ng - ương |
| yên | yên – ia – n – yên | ươm | ươm – ưa – m - ươm |
| iêt | iêt – ia – t – iêt | ươc | ươc – ưa – c – ươc |
| iêc | iêc – ia – c – iêc | ươp | ươp – ưa – p - ươp |
| iêp | iêp – ia – p – iêp | oai | oai – o- ai- oai |
| yêm | yêm – ia – m – yêm | oay | oay – o – ay - oay |
| iêng | iêng – ia – ng - iêng | oan | oan – o – an - oan |
| uôi | uôi – ua – I – uôi | oăn | oăn – o – ăn - oăn |
| uôn | uôn – ua – n – uôn | oang | oang – o – ang - oang |
| uyên | uyên – u – yên - uyên | oăng | oăng – o – ăng - oăng |
| uych | uych – u – ych - uych | oanh | oanh – o – anh - oanh |
| uynh | uynh – u – ynh – uynh | oach | oach – o – ach - oach |
| uyêt | uyêt - u – yêt – uyêt | oat | oat - o – at - oat |
| uya | uya – u – ya – uya | oăt | oăt – o – ăt – oăt |
| uyt | uyt – u – yt – uyt | uân | uân – u – ân – uân |
| oi | oi – o – I - oi | uât | uât – u – ât – uât |
The Sounds Retain Their Pronunciation:
oi, ai, ôi, ơi, ui, ưi, ay, ây, eo, ao, au, âu, iu, êu, ưu, on, an, ăn, ân, ơn, ưn, ôn, in, un, om, am, ăm, âm, ôm, ơm, êm, e, im, um, ot, at, ăt, ât, ôt, ơt, et, êt, ut, ưt, it.
{C}Details of Vietnamese Spelling
1. Distinguish the names and phonetic sounds of letters
Certainly, in the past, you learned how to spell letters in Vietnamese with various pronunciations for a single letter. For example, the letter 'b' can be pronounced as 'bờ' and also as 'bê'. However, in the Educational Reform books, the letter 'b' is divided into a phonetic sound and a name. The phonetic sound is 'bờ', while 'bê' is the name. Therefore, 'Bê' (b) is correct, while 'bờ' is incorrect. The same applies to all letters in the Vietnamese alphabet, dividing them into how they are called and how they are pronounced.
Vietnamese Alphabet According to Educational Reform
Especially, for 3 letters like 'C', 'K', 'Q' in the old spelling method, 'C' is pronounced as 'Cê', 'K' is pronounced as 'Ca', and 'Q' is pronounced as 'Quy'. However, according to the Educational Reform books, all three letters are pronounced as 'cờ'. This is particularly evident in the letter Q. In the old method, it was pronounced as 'cu', but in the new method, it is pronounced as 'quy'. Why is that? For example:
- Ca in the old spelling is cờ-a-ca, and in the new spelling is
- Ki in the old spelling is kờ-i-ki, and in the new spelling is cờ-i-ki
- Qua in the old spelling is quờ-a-qua, and in the new spelling is cờ-oa-qua.
- Quê in the old spelling is quờ-ê-quê, and in the new spelling is cờ-uê-quê.
The fundamental principle when learning Vietnamese is for students to distinguish between Sound/Letter - Object/Substitute Object.
According to spelling rules, a sound is unique, but one sound can be written in many different ways: 1 sound can be written with 1 letter, 2 letters, 3 letters, or 4 letters. For example:
- 1 sound written with 1 letter: The sound /a/ is written with the letter a, the sound /e/ is written with the letter e, the sound /hờ/ is written with the letter h ...
- 1 sound written with 2 letters: The sound /ngờ/ is written with the letters ng, ngh
- 1 sound written with 3 letters: The sound /cờ/ is written with the letters c, k, qu
- 1 sound written with 4 letters: The sound /ia/ is written with the letters ie, ia, yê, ya
2. Characteristics of phonetics and characteristics of Vietnamese writing
Due to Vietnamese being a monosyllabic language, it influences content selection and methods for teaching Vietnamese spelling.
In terms of phonetics, Vietnamese is a language with numerous tones and syllables written separately, making it easy for recognition. Moreover, the boundary between Vietnamese tones aligns with taste sensations, so most Vietnamese tones carry meanings. Therefore, the language is chosen as the basic unit in teaching programs for students to learn reading and writing in the Phonics subject.
With this approach, in the first Vietnamese lesson, students quickly engage with a simplified language, deriving materials from single and complex words in Vietnamese. Hence, students learn fewer words but gain knowledge of many.
In terms of structure, Vietnamese syllables are a combination of closely related and tightly integrated sounds. Factors in syllables combine at different levels, such as combining with rhyme, initial consonants, combining tones loosely, and components in rhyme combining with closely related levels. Rhyme is an essential factor in syllables. Thus, this is the foundation for spelling with a process of creating rhymes and then connecting initials with rhymes, tones forming sounds. For example, the word 'làm' is read as 'a-nờ-an-bờ-an-ban-huyền-bàn'.
3. Vietnamese Spelling Method
Each word must have a rhyme and tone, while the initial sound may or may not be present. For example:
- The word /Anh/ in Vietnamese spelling is a-nhờ-anh, with the rhyme 'anh' and the level tone, and no initial sound.
- The word /Ái/ in spelling is a-i-ai-sắc-ai, including the rhyme 'ai' and the acute tone.
- The word /đầu/ in spelling is đờ-âu-đâu-huyền-đầu, with the initial sound 'đ', the rhyme 'âu', and the falling tone.
- The word /ngã/ in spelling is ngờ-a-nga-ngã-ngã, with the initial sound 'ng', the rhyme 'a', and the broken tone.
- The word /Nguyễn/ in spelling is ngờ-uyên-nguyên-ngã-nguyễn, with the initial sound 'ng', the rhyme 'uyên', and the broken tone. The rhyme 'uyên' has the medial sound 'u', while the main sound is 'yê', and the final sound is 'n', so you can spell 'uyên' as u-i-ê-nờ-uyên or u-yê(ia)-nờ-uyên.
Here is the guide for Vietnamese spelling according to the new Educational Reform; you can refer to it to teach your child without hesitation.
Composing Vietnamese for 3rd Grade - Hai Bà Trưng is one of the exercises that 3rd-grade students need to do when learning Vietnamese. Students can refer to the article Composing Vietnamese for 3rd Grade Hai Bà Trưng, Listening and Writing Spelling by Mytour to understand and complete the exercises effectively.
