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OVERVIEW OF VIETNAMESE LITERATURE FROM THE 10TH TO THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY short 1
So sánh | Văn học chữ hán | Văn học chữ nôm |
Giống | - Đều dựa trên cơ sử phát triển của văn học hán - Đề cập, phản ánh những vấn đề mang ý nghĩa xã hội, bày tỏ tâm tư, tình cảm của con người | |
Khác | - Ra sớm - Các sáng tác chủ yếu là thơ | - Ra đời muộn - Thơ, văn xuôi |
| Giai đạn văn học | Nội dung | Nghệ thuật | Sự kiện văn học, tác giả, tác phẩm |
TK XX - XV | Tiếp thu phát triển văn học chữ Hán | Sông núi nước nam, Chiếu dời đô, Hịch tướng sĩ, Tỏ lòng, Bạch đằng giang phú,… | |
XV - XVII | Văn học yêu nước gắn liền với cảm hứng thế sự | Chữ hán | Tryền kì mạn lục, Bình Ngô Đại Cáo |
XVIII – nửa đầu XIX | Văn học gắn với tư tưởng nhân đạo | Văn vần, văn xuôi, chữ hán phát triển | Chinh phụ ngâm khúc, truyện Kiều, Bánh trôi nước,… |
Nửa sau TK XIX | Văn học yêu nước gắn liền với cảm hứng thế sự | Chữ hán, chữ nôm, chữ quốc ngữ | Lục Vân Tiên, Văn tế, Thương Vợ, Câu cá mùa thu,… |
OVERVIEW OF VIETNAMESE LITERATURE FROM THE 10TH TO THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY short 2
A. BASIC KNOWLEDGE
1. Concept of Medieval Literature
- Refers to the period of literature emerging, existing, and developing in feudal Vietnamese society, roughly from the 10th to the end of the 19th century.
2. What are the components of medieval literature, and what are their characteristics:
- It consists of two main components: literature in Chinese characters and literature in Nôm characters.
- Chinese literary component appeared early, existed throughout the formation and development of medieval literature. It includes genres such as edicts, expressions, rhymes, proclamations, legendary tales, episodic novels, Tang-style poetry,... With many outstanding achievements.
- Nôm literature emerged later than Chinese literature (appearing around the end of the 13th century). Nôm literature is mainly poetry, with few prose; there are folk poetry genres such as Lament, narrative poetry, recited verse and the absorption of Chinese literary genres that have been localized by the nation such as Nôm Poetry written in Tang-style, alternating six and eight-word poetry,...
- These two literary components are not opposing but complementary, influencing each other throughout the development process.
4. Major characteristics of the content of medieval literature
a. Patriotism:
- Is a major content throughout its existence and development.
- Associated with the ideology of “loyal soldiers loving the country” but not separated from the national patriotism tradition of the Vietnamese people.
- Expressed through heroic melodies against foreign invasion, through heroic melodies when the country loses its homeland, through sincere melodies when the country is peaceful and prosperous.
- Focused on some main aspects: consciousness of independence, autonomy, self-reliance, national pride: hatred of the enemy, determination to fight, determination to win against the enemy; pride in the achievements of the era, pride in the historical tradition, praising those who sacrificed for the country; love for the nature of the country...
b. Humanism:
- Is a major content throughout the medieval literary period.
- Originates from the humanistic tradition of the Vietnamese people, from the grassroots of folk literature, while being influenced by the positive humanistic thoughts of Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism...
- Expressed through the lifestyle “Love others as yourself”, through moral principles, beautiful attitudes between people; condemning and denouncing the cruel forces trampling on humanity; affirming and exalting human beings in terms of talent and virtue..
c) Contemporary inspiration:
- Quite clearly expressed from the late Tran literature (14th century). Works aimed at the realities of contemporary social life to record “what is seen”. The Chronicles of the Period by Le Huu Trac, The Random Writings of Vu Trung by Pham Dinh Ho,... are typical of this inspiration.
- Contemporary inspiration contributes to laying the groundwork for the emergence of realistic literature in subsequent periods.
5. Major characteristics of the art of medieval literature
a. Conformity and the breaking of conformity.
- Conformity is strict adherence to the mold. Manifested in:
+ Literary perspective emphasizes educational purposes.
+ Artistic thinking follows successful artistic models.
+ Literary genres with strict structural regulations.
+ Use of anecdotes and examples, which have become familiar patterns.
- However, talented authors both adhere to conformity and break it, showing their own creative imprint.
b. Elegant tendency and simple trend.
- Reflected in themes, focusing on the sublime and solemn rather than the mundane, simple.
- In artistic imagery, aiming for refined beauty rather than simplicity, rusticity.
- In artistic language, noble, refined expression, more artistic than common, natural expression.
- However, due to increasing connection with reality, the style of elegance and refinement is gradually fading in medieval literature.
3. Assimilation and nationalization of foreign literary essence
a. Mainly assimilating Chinese literature:
- In terms of language, using Chinese characters for composition. .
- In terms of genres, assimilating classical styles, Tang-style, Hịch-style, proclamations, episodic novels,...
b. The process of nationalization includes:
- Creating Nôm script based on Chinese characters.
- Vietnamese-izing Tang-style poetry into Nôm Tang-style poetry,...
- Taking themes, materials directly from the life of the nation as materials for composition...
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The story of Cinderella is a prominent lesson in Week 7 of the 10th-grade Literature textbook. Students are encouraged to Prepare Cinderella, read the content beforehand, and answer the questions in the textbook.
