Top 10 Best Descriptive Essays About Popular Tourist Destinations

Whenever people mention the central region of Vietnam, the first thought that often comes to mind is a land plagued by floods, droughts, and natural disasters, inhabited by hardworking, humble, and sincere people. Yet, the central region also hides a subtle beauty, with the southern part of Central Vietnam, including Da Nang, and the northern part, with Thua Thien Hue, both offering a dreamy allure. Among the notable attractions, the Imperial City of Hue stands out, located along the northern bank of the picturesque Perfume River within Hue City and its surrounding areas in Thua Thien Hue province.

The Imperial City of Hue has a rich history, once serving as the seat of power for nine generations of the Nguyen Lords during the era of the division between the Le Dynasty and the Trinh Lords. This sacred land is forever associated with Lord Nguyen Hoang, who played a crucial role in expanding Vietnam's territories, ensuring prosperity, and laying the foundation for the lasting Nguyen Dynasty. Following the advice of scholar Nguyen Binh Khiem, who said “A single stretch of mountain can accommodate thousands of generations,” and feeling discontent with his position as the son-in-law of Trinh Kiem, Nguyen Hoang quickly requested to govern the region of Thuan Hoa, marking the beginning of the era of Nguyen Lords in central Vietnam. The construction of the Imperial City began in the early 19th century and continued for over 27 years, completed under the reign of Emperor Minh Mang. The design combines both Eastern and Western architectural influences, resulting in a stunning architectural ensemble.

The Imperial City’s iconic structures, such as the Forbidden Purple City, royal tombs, temples, and pagodas, are located along the serene banks of the Perfume River. These grand structures, including the Imperial City, the Royal Citadel, and the Citadel of Hue, have withstood the test of time, remaining steadfast through numerous historical changes. Emperor Gia Long began surveying the location for the Citadel in 1803, and after two years, construction officially began under the Nguyen Dynasty. Its strategic location was crucial, bordered by Phan Dang Luu Street to the east, Le Duan Street to the west, and Tran Hung Dao Street to the south. Within the Citadel, the layout was carefully planned, with Tôn Thất Hiệp Street to the west, Xuân 68 Street to the east, Ông Ích Khiêm Street to the south, and Lương Ngọc Quyến Street to the north. The Citadel was designed in a distinctive Vauban-style architecture, consisting of three concentric layers: the Imperial City, the Royal Citadel, and the Forbidden Purple City. Spanning over 30 years and requiring millions of cubic meters of earth and stone, the Citadel is one of the largest and most influential constructions in Vietnam’s history. The Citadel, along with the Royal and Forbidden Purple Cities, faces south, in accordance with ancient traditions that suggest the ruler should always face the heavens.

Inside the Imperial City, the Royal Citadel served as the emperor’s administrative and residential area, as well as a place of worship for the royal family. The Royal Citadel has four gates, with the Ngọ Môn being the main entrance. Construction of the Royal Citadel began in 1804 and was completed in 1833 under Emperor Minh Mang, creating an opulent palace complex. Many people refer to the Royal and Forbidden Purple Cities as the Đại Nội, which was both the place for official court gatherings and the royal mausoleum. The Forbidden Purple City, located inside the Royal Citadel, was an exclusive area, forbidden to anyone without royal permission. On the western side of the Citadel, along the banks of the Perfume River, lie the magnificent tombs of the Nguyen emperors. Each tomb symbolizes the royal dignity and the life journey of the emperor. While Emperor Minh Mang's tomb is grand and imposing, set amidst forests and lakes, Emperor Tu Duc’s tomb is serene and poetic, blending harmoniously with nature.

With its rich historical significance, cultural heritage, and beautiful landscapes, Hue has long been an appealing tourist destination, attracting both domestic and international visitors. The Hue Festival is a particularly special event, reviving the region's cultural values through various programs that combine folk and imperial traditions. The Imperial City of Hue stands as a unique cultural symbol, not only for Vietnam but for the world, marking a significant milestone in the country’s territorial expansion. Visitors to Hue can witness magnificent royal architecture and are captivated by the sweet voices of local women and the poetry and songs that have touched the hearts of many. Today, the Imperial City of Hue continues to endure, standing proudly alongside the world’s greatest wonders, a symbol of pride for all Vietnamese people.

The Old Quarter of Hanoi – a place where every patch of moss quietly settles in hidden corners, where the streets are still crowded with people and traffic, yet no footprints remain of the passing pedestrians. The people of Hanoi take great pride in these streets, filled with nostalgic memories, like a refined essence of an "Hanoi bathed in sunlight, a Hanoi trembling in the autumn breeze" that continues to evolve day by day.

The Old Quarter of Hanoi was established during the Ly and Tran Dynasties in the 10th century, when King Ly Cong Uan moved the capital from Hoa Lu to Đại La, renaming it Thang Long. The Old Quarter lies to the east of the ancient Imperial City, stretching to the banks of the Red River. In 1995, the government redefined its boundaries: to the north is Hang Dau Street, to the west is Phung Hung Street, to the south are Hang Bong, Hang Gai, Cau Go, and Hang Thung Streets, and to the east are Tran Quang Khai and Tran Nhat Duat Streets, covering an area of about 100 hectares, including 76 streets in 10 wards: Hang Dao, Hang Bac, Hang Buom, Hang Bo, Hang Bong, Hang Gai, Hang Ma, Dong Xuan, Cua Dong, and Ly Thai To.

The Old Quarter is an architectural ensemble with small, narrow streets, closely-knit buildings, often connected from one street to another, as folk songs describe: "The streets weave like a loom, the roads curve like a chessboard". Another characteristic is the old houses and narrow tube-shaped buildings with moss-covered, slanted tiled roofs, and their frontages are lined with shops, forming a unique architectural landscape that reflects the traditional architecture of the Northern Vietnamese plains. There are also European-style villas built by the French in the 19th century, adding diversity to the Old Quarter's architecture.

Due to its focus on small-scale industry and trade, the Old Quarter is home to streets dedicated to specific crafts, with the names of these streets, such as Hang Gao (Rice Street), Hang Duong (Sugar Street), Hang Muoi (Salt Street), reflecting the goods once sold there. Today, these streets are no longer exclusively dedicated to these items, except for Hang Ma, Hang Dong, Hang Tre, Hang Thiec, and Thuoc Bac, but the growth of hotels and tourism has caused some of the Old Quarter's original charm to fade.

The landscape of Hanoi's Old Quarter harmonizes with its homes, streets, parks, gardens, and lakes, providing a fresh, poetic atmosphere to this ancient district.

What makes the Old Quarter even more appealing are its cultural values, represented in over 100 historical sites, including temples, shrines, pagodas, and community halls. The Bach Ma Temple on Hang Buom Street is an excellent example of Hanoi's historical and cultural heritage, regarded as one of the Four Pillars of the Thang Long Citadel.

The majority of the people living in the Old Quarter are engaged in commerce. Their life is full of energy and movement, yet still retains a certain peaceful charm. On weekends, as night falls, the pedestrian street connecting Hang Dao and Dong Xuan Street merges with the Dong Xuan Night Market, creating a nearly 3-kilometer walking zone. This has become a popular tourist destination, offering a chance to explore Hanoi at night while experiencing its rich cultural heritage. Visitors walk through the Old Quarter, shopping for souvenirs and local goods or enjoying Hanoi's distinctive cuisine, further appreciating the allure of the night market and the Old Quarter.

Yet, right next to the bustling shops, one can still sense the calm of the Old Quarter's night, with its small, clustered houses evoking a sense of nostalgia and history.

In terms of cultural and tourist value, Hanoi's Old Quarter is a source of great pride for its people. It hosts numerous cultural events and festivals, making it a top destination for both domestic and international tourists. For most visitors, the Old Quarter is an irreplaceable heritage, a living testament that has survived the test of time and the many challenges of history.

Compared to the Ancient Town of Hoi An, which represents a blend of cultural influences, the Old Quarter of Hanoi is a rare architectural gem, showcasing the deep cultural identity of the Vietnamese people. It symbolizes the soul of Hanoi, a capital with a thousand-year history, reflecting the city's architecture, history, and urban life through the ages. Therefore, it must be preserved and nurtured in modern urban life.

To preserve and enhance the Old Quarter, proper urban planning is necessary, avoiding buildings that exceed the height restrictions or block the views of Hoan Kiem Lake and other sacred areas. There should also be efforts to reduce the population density in the Old Quarter. Increasing the public's awareness of heritage preservation is crucial, as citizens should not only be responsible but also have rights to protect the Old Quarter.

Despite the many changes over time, the Old Quarter remains steadfast in its ancient charm. The bustling streets may be busy, but there is always a sense of serenity, as if the past continues to anchor us in a sense of peace. The centuries-old streets are like a cherished memory, still holding a special place in the hearts of the people of Hanoi.

The Temple of Literature - Quoc Tu Giam, located in the heart of Hanoi, is regarded as the first university in Vietnam. From its early years, the institution attracted many talented individuals who contributed to the development of the nation. Today, the Temple of Literature remains a popular tourist spot in Hanoi, admired for its unique and striking architecture.

Throughout history, the Temple of Literature has witnessed many changes, yet it has managed to preserve the traditional beauty that symbolizes the people of Hanoi. It represents a spiritual legacy that has been preserved for centuries. Situated to the south of the ancient Thang Long Citadel, the Temple operated from 1076 to 1820, educating numerous scholars who played a key role in the country's development.

The Temple includes two main structures: the Temple of Literature, dedicated to Confucius and other great scholars, and the National University, where Chu Van An, the first teacher of the institution, is honored. Despite the passage of time, the Temple retains its ancient charm. Initially, it was a school for royal princes, but later it expanded to educate talented individuals from all over the country. Spanning an area of 54,331 square meters, the complex includes Ho Van Lake, Giám Garden, and the inner sanctuary, all enclosed by brick walls. The architectural designs, dating back centuries, bear the marks of history and reflect the changing times of the nation. Visitors to the Temple will first encounter the main gate, above which is the inscription 'Van Mieu Mon.' Outside the gate are two stone dragons from the Le dynasty, while inside are dragons from the Nguyen dynasty. The second area of the complex is the Khuê Văn Các, built in 1805 with two floors and eight roofs. This structure was used for the evaluation of poems and literary works by scholars of the past. The third area, from the Khuê Văn Pavilion to the Đại Thành Gate, features a square pond called Thiên Quang Tĩnh. Surrounding the pond are 82 stelae inscribed with the names, origins, and titles of prominent scholars such as Ngô Thì Nhậm and Lê Quý Đôn.

At the far end of the courtyard stands the Đại Bái Hall and the rear shrine, housing precious artifacts passed down through generations, such as the Bích Ung Bell, cast by Nguyễn Nghiêm in 1768. This bell is considered a significant historical and cultural treasure. Another important artifact is a memorial plaque inscribed with the words 'Thọ Xương,' detailing the bell's function. The fifth area is the National University School, which was dedicated to selecting and training talented individuals to serve the monarchy. Many famous scholars, such as Chu Văn An and Bùi Quốc Khải, emerged from this institution.

The Temple of Literature was primarily constructed using ironwood, fired bricks, and roof tiles, which reflect the artistic styles of the Le and Nguyen dynasties. These architectural features were skillfully crafted by master artisans.

Today, the Temple of Literature remains a popular tourist destination, where visitors come to honor their heritage, pray, and learn about the history of Vietnam. It is regarded as the heart of Hanoi, a city with a thousand years of culture.

Among the many tourist destinations today, not all places attract large numbers of visitors. However, there is one special place located just a 40-minute drive from Hanoi that draws a lot of young people: the Cultural Village of Vietnamese Ethnic Groups.

The Cultural Village of Vietnamese Ethnic Groups is part of the Dong Mo tourism complex, located in Son Tay town, Hanoi. It was officially opened on September 19, 2010, to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long – Hanoi. The village is approximately 40 kilometers from downtown Hanoi and offers many fascinating attractions. Covering an area of about 198.61 hectares, the village is divided into four clusters representing different regions of Vietnam. The design of the Cultural Village showcases the traditional architecture of various ethnic groups, aiming to preserve and promote the unique historical and cultural values of the country.

Upon entering, visitors can rent an electric car to tour the villages of different ethnic groups. The ticket price is affordable at 30,000 VND per adult, while children under six years old can enter for free. Visitors can follow a flexible itinerary depending on their preferences, with the final stop being the Cham Tower and the Khmer Pagoda. The Khmer Pagoda, built with a golden color, features a pointed roof, wide ceilings, and large columns, with a giant Buddha statue inside. The Cham Tower stands at 21 meters tall, connected to the entrance gate. The tower's design is similar to those of the Cham people and is constructed from fired clay bricks. Visitors can also explore the Central Highlands area, where stilt houses are recreated. These houses are cool inside, and some offer resting areas for visitors to enjoy a meal. The Rong House, a large structure with a high roof typical of the region, is also a key attraction. From here, guests can move on to the Thai ethnic village, with fields of buckwheat flowers and a main house where various cultural performances by local artisans are staged. The scenery here is peaceful and ideal for relaxation.

Throughout the year, visitors can participate in various festivals, which are particularly popular with tourists. These festivals help promote the village's cultural significance. The spring festival, held at the beginning of the year, features traditional folk games such as swings and the “nem con” game, among others.

It can be said that the Cultural Village of Vietnamese Ethnic Groups is a perfect representation of the rich cultural diversity of Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups. It is an ideal tourist destination for both domestic and international visitors. Through this experience, visitors gain a deeper understanding of the ethnic traditions of Vietnam, while also enjoying healthy recreational activities, sports, and cultural performances.

With its unique attractions and vibrant cultural activities, the village offers visitors an immersive experience that helps foster a greater appreciation for Vietnam’s heritage and strengthens unity among the country’s various ethnic groups.

The Ancient Town of Hoi An, located in Quang Nam Province, is a famous city with a unique charm. The town has preserved over 1,000 architectural landmarks, from streets, houses, communal halls, temples, pagodas, family chapels, wells, to traditional foods, all reflecting the culture and soul of the people here. A visit to Hoi An leaves visitors captivated by its timeless beauty, simplicity, and authenticity.

“I want to tell the story of Lai Vien Kieu in Hoi An,

Where people wait as the evening shadows cast over the river,

The wooden bridge's arch, painted red and carved with intricate designs,

After hundreds of years, the roof tiles still bear the warmth of the moss.”

This is just one corner of Hoi An Ancient Town.

Hoi An is renowned for its traditional architectural beauty, where the houses, walls, and streets blend in perfect harmony. Despite facing numerous challenges over time, the town still retains its ancient charm, with moss-covered rooftops, old bricks, and trees, reflecting the quiet and humble nature of the local people.

The most common type of house in Hoi An is the narrow “tube house,” which is typically one or two stories tall, with a long and deep layout. The houses are made of durable materials that can withstand the harsh climate, with brick walls and wooden frames. Each house is divided into three sections with a central corridor. These homes are designed to maintain harmony between the living space and nature, often featuring courtyards with stone tiles, decorative water ponds, and plants, creating an overall aesthetic. The design of these houses allows for open spaces, ample sunlight, and a seamless connection between the indoors and the outdoors.

The streets of the ancient town are arranged in a grid pattern, with short, beautiful, winding roads that encircle the houses. As you walk through these peaceful and charming streets, you not only get to taste delicious foods but also experience the everyday life of the locals in this tranquil and simple community. Hoi An’s architectural heritage is diverse and exquisite, making it a popular destination for tourists from both within and outside Vietnam, where they can explore, discover, and enjoy a full vacation in the heart of the ancient town.

You must visit the “symbol of Hoi An” – the Japanese Covered Bridge. This unique and iconic structure, located between Nguyen Thi Minh Khai and Tran Phu Streets, was built by Japanese merchants who traded here in the 16th century.

To truly understand the life and culture of Hoi An, tourists should visit famous ancient houses and important cultural sites like the Quân Thắng, Đức An, and Tấn Ký houses, or the Phúc Kiến, Triều Châu, and Quảng Đông assembly halls. These spots offer visitors a deep dive into the distinctive cultural atmosphere of Hoi An.

Lanterns are another must-see attraction in Hoi An. Visitors can easily find colorful lanterns of all shapes and sizes throughout the streets and around the houses. On the full moon of each month, Hoi An transforms into a dazzling city of lanterns and floating lights.

The Ancient Town of Hoi An has a unique beauty in every corner, from the streets to the houses and the lanes. Here, visitors can feel the warmth of the food, the friendliness of the people, and even the charm of the natural surroundings. As you walk along these peaceful streets, you might even find yourself reminiscing about old memories and feeling connected to this distant yet familiar place.

When speaking of Hoi An Ancient Town, one cannot overlook the iconic Japanese Covered Bridge. This historical landmark, with its ancient charm, has inspired countless poems, songs, and artworks, captivating many hearts. For the people of Hoi An, the bridge is the soul of the town, a symbol that has stood for over four centuries. It serves as a link between the past, present, and future. Today, the bridge remains, majestic and serene, bearing witness to a glorious past while continuing to shine brightly in the heart of Hoi An.

Located at the intersection of Nguyen Thi Minh Khai and Tran Phu Streets, the Japanese Covered Bridge impresses not only with its unique architecture but also with the mysteries it holds. True to its name, the bridge spans a small creek within the ancient town of Hoi An. It was first constructed in the early 17th century (around 1617) by Japanese merchants.

Initially, the bridge was built solely to cross the Hoai River, but it wasn’t until 1653 that the temple part was added. The structure extends to the northern railing of the bridge, protruding into the middle, and from there, the name “Japanese Covered Bridge” originated. It is the only monument in Vietnam with direct ties to Japan. In 1719, Lord Nguyen Phuc Chu, upon visiting Hoi An, was so taken by the bridge that he named it Lai Viễn Kiều, meaning “Bridge for distant friends,” a name still visible today on a large plaque in front of the bridge.

While built by the Japanese, the bridge incorporates many elements of traditional Vietnamese architecture. The 18-meter-long bridge arches gracefully, with its sturdy stone piers ensuring its durability. The Japanese Covered Bridge is a unique fusion of a bridge and a temple. The bridge and temple are connected by wooden walls with traditional double doors. The upper part of the bridge houses a temple, consisting of seven sections, with five wooden sections arranged in a chong chuong structure, and two curved ends shaped like crab shells. The roof is tiled with yin-yang tiles, a distinct feature of Vietnamese architecture. Inside, a circular passageway allows movement, and narrow corridors on each side serve as resting spots, made entirely of wood, adorned with intricate carvings that blend Vietnamese and Japanese styles.

The bridge's creation is tied to a Japanese legend about a mythical sea creature named Namazu, believed to cause earthquakes whenever it moved. The Japanese believed that only the god Kashima, the god of thunder and swordsmanship, could control this giant catfish. According to the legend, Namazu's head was in Japan, its tail in India, and its back crossed over Hoi An. The Japanese merchants in Hoi An, concerned with the floods and earthquakes they faced, sought the help of a feng shui master to design a bridge resembling a sword piercing the back of Namazu to prevent it from causing further chaos.

The Japanese also believed that the monkeys and dogs had the power to control the monster, so statues of these animals were placed at both ends of the bridge to ward off the sea creature. An official stone tablet, located about a kilometer northwest of the bridge, marks the spot of this spiritual defense.

Over the years, as the Japanese presence in Hoi An diminished, the Chinese Minh Huong community took up the responsibility of preserving and restoring the bridge, which has undergone several renovations in 1817, 1865, 1915, and 1986. While some elements reflecting Chinese beliefs were added, the bridge's essence has remained largely unchanged.

From a distance, the Japanese Covered Bridge stretches across a small branch of the Thu Bon River, with its gracefully curved roof resembling a rainbow, brightly illuminating a corner of the ancient town. The bridge stands at the crossroads of history and modernity, with vibrant cultural, architectural, and religious influences. Surrounded by the ancient town, the bridge evokes a deep sense of nostalgia and hope for a bright future for the people of Hoi An, who continue to dream and remain optimistic about life.

Quietly, gracefully, and timelessly, amidst the bustle of modern-day Hoi An, the Japanese Covered Bridge holds deep philosophical significance. It has borne witness to the town's historical transformations and remains a testament to the harmonious blending of unique cultures, offering Hoi An the rare beauty it possesses today.

In 1990, the Japanese Covered Bridge was recognized as a National Historical and Cultural Monument. It not only holds spiritual value but also plays an important role in the town's infrastructure. Today, the bridge is considered an invaluable asset, officially serving as the symbol of Hoi An.

West Lake is a natural lake located in the northwest of Hanoi, covering an area of around 500 hectares. It has a circumference of nearly 20 kilometers. Historical geography has proven that West Lake is an exogenous lake, with a basin-like shape, originally part of the Red River that formed when the river’s flow shifted. West Lake has been known by various names, such as Dam Xac Cao, Ho Kim Nguu, Lang Bac, Dam Dam, and Doai Ho. Each name is associated with legends related to the lake's origins.

According to the book 'Tay Ho Chi,' West Lake dates back to the time of the Hung Kings. At that time, it was a pier near the Red River, part of the Lam Ap region, and was known as the Lam Ap pier in Long Do village. During the reign of the Hai Ba Trung, the pier connected to the Red River, surrounded by forests with many types of plants like bamboo, banyan trees, and various wild animals.

The western part of West Lake still retains traces of many ancient villages, each tied to historical legends. These include Nghi Tam, the hometown of the poet “Ba Huyen Thanh Quan,” Xuan Tao village with the Soc Temple dedicated to Saint Giong, Trich Sai village with the Thien Nien Pagoda honoring the goddess of weaving, Thuy Khue village with Ba Danh Temple, and Nhat Tan village with its famous peach blossom gardens. A notable spot many visitors wish to visit is Trấn Quốc Pagoda, located on a small peninsula between the serene waters along Thanh Nien Road, the beautiful road that separates West Lake from Ho Truc Bach. This is one of the oldest pagodas in Vietnam, dating back to the 6th century during the reign of King Ly Nam De. According to Monk Thich Thanh Nha, the pagoda was initially called the Khai Quoc Pagoda, built on the banks of the Red River. Later, during the Le Dynasty (17th century), it was moved to its current location. Once known as the Golden Fish Beach, it became a spiritual center for meditation and prayer. The pagoda, with a history of 1440 years, stands as a cultural and religious landmark.

In Hanoi, West Lake is surrounded by a dense concentration of heritage sites. The area around West Lake alone houses more than 20 temples, shrines, and pagodas that have been recognized as cultural heritage. Every spring, these sites attract thousands of pilgrims and tourists from all over the world who come to visit, pray, and explore. The unique location of West Lake offers a rich historical and cultural landscape, intertwined with legends, artistic works, and architecture, all linked to Hanoi’s thousand-year history. This is why so many travelers are drawn to explore the area. Many visitors also enjoy touring the lake via electric cars, which provide them with a deeper understanding of the surrounding villages, cultural sites, and shrines. Local resident Nguyen Quang Loc shared, “I had only heard about the vastness of West Lake before, but after traveling around it by electric car, I learned so much more about the villages, the historical sites, and the temples that surround the lake.”

Today, West Lake also serves as the green lung of Hanoi. Not only is it known for its expansive, tranquil waters, but it is also a site of natural beauty, especially during the summer, with the vibrant purple of the Lagerstroemia flowers and the bright red of the phoenix flowers in bloom. The cool breeze that often blows across the lake adds to its serene charm, making it a peaceful retreat for many residents. With its stunning scenery, West Lake is truly a place for relaxation for many in Hanoi.

From a once wild and untamed forest, through the hard work of generations, including the contributions of various queens, West Lake has transformed into a cultural and tourist destination famous throughout the ancient capital of Thang Long – Hanoi. Thus, it is essential for all of us to preserve and further develop this iconic landscape.

When talking about tourist destinations, most people typically think of famous beaches or islands with scenic views. However, in Ninh Binh, there is a place that is not bustling or noisy but has long been known as a sacred spot for people seeking spiritual peace – Bai Dinh Pagoda.

Bai Dinh Pagoda has long been recognized as a major tourist attraction, home to the largest and most record-breaking pagoda in Vietnam. The pagoda complex is located in Gia Sinh commune, Gia Vien district, Ninh Binh province.

The history of the Bai Dinh Pagoda complex dates back to the establishment of the ancient pagoda in 1136. Ninh Binh has been home to several dynasties such as the Dinh, Pre-Le, and Ly dynasties, all of which greatly revered Buddhism, leading to the creation of several ancient pagodas. In 2003, the Bai Dinh pagoda complex was rebuilt on the foundations of the old pagoda, perched on the side of a mountain. Professor Hoang Dao Kinh was the architect behind this new design.

The Bai Dinh Pagoda complex covers an area of about 1700 hectares, consisting of the ancient Bai Dinh Pagoda, the new Bai Dinh Pagoda, and other areas such as a park, Buddhist Academy, scenic spots, and roads. The ancient pagoda is located about 800 meters south of the new Bai Dinh Pagoda’s Tam The Hall. Situated on a peaceful mountain ridge, this area contains the main hall where Buddha is worshipped, shrines for various deities, and relics from the Ly dynasty. The ancient pagoda also features a sacred well. At the foot of the mountain is the new Bai Dinh Pagoda, a vast complex housing the Tam The Hall, Quan Am Hall, a bell tower, and statues of Buddha, along with many infrastructure elements. The new pagoda stands out for its architectural design, which is heavily influenced by traditional Vietnamese styles. Its structures are adorned with details that showcase traditional craftsmanship. The pagoda’s pillars are made to resemble wood, and the roof tiles are crafted from Bat Trang ceramics. The entrance features two statues of guardians, followed by a three-tier bell tower. Beneath the bell tower lies a large bronze bell and a giant 70-ton bronze drum. The main hall is home to a Buddha statue and hosts the largest bronze statue of Buddha Sakyamuni in Vietnam, alongside the 80-ton, 10-meter-tall statue of the Laughing Buddha, which has been officially recognized as the largest in the country. The Bai Dinh Pagoda also features a 100-meter-high tower and many other unique architectural structures.

Bai Dinh Pagoda is not only a tourist spot for its impressive architecture and record-breaking feats but also a cultural hub. It has drawn international attention, especially during the largest Buddha’s birthday celebration in Vietnam, and has hosted numerous heads of state. It also hosted the 6th World Buddhist Summit.

The Bai Dinh Pagoda Festival is held every spring, starting on the 6th day of the lunar new year and lasting through the end of March. The festival consists of two parts: a religious ceremony and a cultural celebration. The religious ceremony includes rituals such as lighting incense and carrying sacred processions. The cultural celebration features long-standing folk games, traditional performances like Cheo and Xam singing, and other activities. Additionally, visitors to the festival can enjoy theatrical performances organized by the Ninh Binh Cheo Theater. This is a grand festival that attracts numerous visitors both locally and internationally.

The Bai Dinh Pagoda complex is a significant historical and cultural landmark of the nation, deserving to be promoted and recognized by even more visitors.

When discussing the spiritual culture of the Vietnamese people, one cannot overlook the ancient, sacred temples, which carry a unique, serene beauty, where respect and gratitude for ancestors and religious beliefs are expressed. Among these, Huong Pagoda stands out as one of the most famous and revered locations in Vietnam. It is a site that combines breathtaking natural beauty with deep historical, cultural, and spiritual significance.

Huong Pagoda, also known as Huong Son, is a complex of cultural and religious sites that includes dozens of Buddhist temples, several shrines, and other structures devoted to agricultural beliefs, located in the Hương Sơn commune, Mỹ Đức district, Hanoi. It was originally built around the late 17th century during the Đàng Trong - Đàng Ngoài period but was destroyed in 1947 during the First Indochina War. The site was later rebuilt in 1988 under the guidance of Venerable Thích Viên Thành and the late Venerable Thích Thanh Chân.

The pagoda is linked to the folk belief in the worship of Bà Chúa Ba (the Third Lady), a revered figure in Vietnamese Buddhism. According to legend, the Third Daughter of King Diệu Trang Vương of the Hương Lâm Kingdom, named Diệu Thiện, became a Bodhisattva after enduring nine years of spiritual practice, reaching enlightenment to help save humanity.

Thanks to the skilled craftsmanship of past generations and the natural beauty of the surrounding landscape, Huong Pagoda presents a stunning, one-of-a-kind view, leading visitors through an extraordinary journey. The pagoda complex consists of many architectural structures scattered throughout the Yến Stream valley.

The main area of the pagoda includes the Outer Pagoda, also called Pagoda Trò, or Pagoda Thiên Trù. It is situated not far from the Trò ferry station, where pilgrims travel up the Yến Stream from Đục Ferry before disembarking and walking up to the pagoda. The entrance is marked by a large courtyard made of brick, and the third courtyard features a three-tiered bell tower.

This ancient structure is unique, with triangular gable ends visible on its highest tier. Originally part of the Cao Mật village pagoda in Hà Đông province, the bell tower was relocated to Huong Pagoda in 1980. The main pagoda, or the Inner Pagoda, is not man-made but rather a natural cave formed in the rock.

The entrance to the cave is marked by a large gate, with the inscription “Hương Tích động môn” (“Entrance to the Hương Tích Cave”). Inside, visitors must climb a steep 120-step stone path, and the walls of the cave bear the inscription “Nam thiên đệ nhất động” (“The First Cave of the Southern Sky”), written by Trịnh Sâm, a 17th-century ruler. The cave also features several steles and poems carved into the stone walls.

The Huong Pagoda Festival is held annually, beginning on the 6th day of the lunar New Year and lasting until the end of March. During this time, millions of pilgrims and tourists from all over Vietnam converge on the pagoda.

The highlight of the festival occurs between the full moon of the first lunar month and the 18th day of the second lunar month. This is when the local community holds a ceremonial opening of the pagoda, which is now seen as a symbolic “opening of the gates” of the temple. The festival rituals are quite simple and involve incense offerings and prayers.

One day before the festival, all the temples and shrines are lit with incense. In the Inner Pagoda, an offering ceremony takes place, involving incense, flowers, candles, fruits, and vegetarian food. During the ceremony, two monks in traditional robes lead the prayers before presenting the offerings on the altar.

Throughout the festival, only occasionally do monks visit to recite sutras for about half an hour at the temples, while the scent of incense lingers continuously. The ceremonial aspect of the festival leans toward meditation, but the Outer Pagoda is dedicated to the worship of mountain deities, reflecting a broader spiritual tradition that incorporates elements of both Buddhism and Taoism.

The Cửa Vòng Shrine is a key site dedicated to the worship of Bà Chúa Thượng Ngàn, the deity who rules over the surrounding forests and mountains. Other important shrines within the complex include Chùa Bắc Đài, Chùa Tuyết Sơn, Chùa Cả, and Đình Quân, which are dedicated to various local gods and spirits. The festival ceremonies thus encompass a wide range of Vietnam's religious traditions, blending both Buddhist and folk beliefs.

The festival also includes traditional processions, with local villagers carrying ceremonial offerings to the temples and reading prayer texts. These rituals are accompanied by various cultural performances, such as boat races, mountain climbing, and performances of chèo and hát văn folk opera.

Beyond its architectural beauty, the natural landscape, and the unique festival, Huong Pagoda holds profound cultural and spiritual value. It embodies the historical heritage of the Vietnamese people and reflects their deep connection with nature and the divine. The preservation of this sacred site and its associated traditions is essential to maintaining the cultural identity and spiritual legacy passed down through generations.

For all these reasons, Huong Pagoda is a source of pride for the people of Hanoi and Vietnam at large. A visit to Huong Pagoda offers a chance to experience peace and serenity, to slow down, and to refresh the spirit, offering a reprieve from the stresses of everyday life.

When talking about scenic landscapes and breathtaking destinations in Vietnam, it’s impossible not to mention Ha Long Bay. A name known by every Vietnamese, Ha Long Bay is not only beautiful today but has been renowned for centuries, even immortalized in the poem by Nguyễn Khoa Điềm: "The rooster and the frog of our homeland transform Ha Long into a wonder." Recently, Ha Long Bay was also recognized by UNESCO as one of the seven natural wonders of the world. But what makes Ha Long Bay so special that it has earned such global recognition?

One legend of Ha Long Bay says that the Jade Emperor sent a Mother Dragon with her dragon offspring to descend to Earth and help the Vietnamese defeat foreign invaders. The enemy ships came rushing in, but just in time, the dragons arrived and unleashed a fiery storm, destroying the ships. Some dragons spat out pearls, forming a towering wall of stone that caused the enemy vessels to crash and sink, halting their invasion.

After the battle, seeing the peaceful land, with fertile trees and hardworking, united people, the Mother Dragon and her offspring chose not to return to the heavens. Instead, they stayed in the earthly realm to forever protect the Vietnamese people. The place where the Mother Dragon landed is Ha Long, while Bái Tử Long marks where the dragon offspring landed, and the tail of the dragon swirled around the white waters of Bạch Long Vĩ (today’s Trà Cổ Peninsula, with a 15-kilometer-long sandy beach).

Another version of the legend tells of a dragon flying down the rivers toward the sea during a time of foreign invasion. It landed on the northeastern coast, creating a natural barrier that blocked the enemy’s navy. The place where the dragon landed and shielded the nation is now known as Ha Long Bay.

Ha Long Bay consists of 1,969 islands, 989 of which are named, while the remaining 980 islands remain unnamed. The islands are mostly limestone and shale formations, scattered across Bái Tử Long Bay and Ha Long Bay. The world-recognized natural heritage site spans an area of 434 square kilometers, with 775 islands, forming a triangle with three main points: Đầu Gỗ Island (to the west), Ba Hầm Lake (to the south), and Cống Tây Island (to the east). The surrounding buffer zone and national cultural heritage sites have been officially recognized by Vietnam’s Ministry of Culture and Information since 1962.

Visitors to Ha Long Bay are often captivated by its stunning landscapes. The towering mountains, the shimmering waters, and the captivating caves are all inviting people to explore further, to discover the balance between the finite and infinite beauty of nature. The mountains appear as giant guardians, and from the boats, one can only strain their eyes to take in the vastness of these natural wonders. Here, one truly experiences the grandeur and charm of nature’s harmony—where the sea and mountains meet. The salty sea air mingles with the sparkling stalactites in the caves, which seem to defy gravity, like liquid pearls frozen in time.

The people of Ha Long are equally as admirable, welcoming visitors with open arms. They act as both tour guides and caretakers of the bay, skillfully navigating their boats while passionately describing the sights and wonders of the region. The warmth and hospitality of the locals leave a lasting impression, making it impossible to forget the kind-hearted people of this beautiful land, whose sincerity is as constant as the sea’s salty waves.

From all of this, it is clear why Ha Long Bay is a worthy candidate among the world’s seven natural wonders. Anyone who has had the privilege of visiting will surely be amazed by the beauty and charm of the place. For those who have yet to experience it, make sure to visit and enjoy what nature has to offer—everything that Mother Nature has gifted us.