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1. Sample Outline 4
Question 1 (page 90, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1):
a.
- Modernization: the process by which literature breaks free from traditional literary systems and adopts Western literary forms.
- Factors:
+ Early 20th century, the rise of urbanization and new social classes.
+ Increased influence of French literature.
+ The emergence of the national language.
+ The establishment and growth of the printing press and journalism.
- The process of modernization is divided into three phases:
+ Phase 1: From the early 20th century to around 1920.
+ Phase 2: From 1920 to 1930.
+ Phase 3: From 1930 to 1945.
b.
- Vietnamese literature from the early 20th century to the August Revolution of 1945 shows a complex division, forming into two main branches and evolving into various sub-genres, competing yet complementing each other.
c. Vietnamese literature from the early 20th century to the August Revolution of 1945 developed at a rapid pace. Reasons include:
- The urgency of the times.
- The inherent drive of literature: Patriotism, the spirit of struggle, the development of the Vietnamese language, and the awakening of personal consciousness.
Question 2 (page 91, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1):
a.
- The greatest intellectual tradition: patriotism and humanitarianism.
- New contributions: expanding on the democratic spirit.
b.
- The development of prose genres, particularly the novel and short story, the birth of Vietnamese prose fiction, reportage, diaries, and literary criticism.
- Innovations in novels and poetry:
+ Novels: Breaking away from traditional novel features.
+ Poetry: Breaking away from rigid norms, escaping the system of impersonal conventions.
Practice (page 91, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1):
In the first thirty years of the 20th century, the reform of literature was still influenced by and held back by the old literary elements, so the period from 1900 to 1930 is called the transitional phase of literature.
2. Sample Outline 5
Question 1 (page 90, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1)
- "Modernizing Literature" refers to the process of breaking literature free from traditional literary systems and adopting Western forms, allowing it to integrate with global modern literature.
- Key factors that contributed to the modernization of Vietnamese literature from the early 20th century to the August Revolution of 1945:
+ French colonialism and economic exploitation led to profound social changes in Vietnam.
+ Vietnamese culture gradually broke free from the influence of Chinese literature and began to engage with Western culture.
+ The development and widespread adoption of the national script.
- The process of literary modernization:
+ Phase 1 (early 20th century to around 1920): A foundational phase necessary for the growth of modern Vietnamese prose.
+ Phase 2 (1920 to 1930): This period saw significant progress in modernizing literature.
+ Phase 3 (1930 to 1945): By this time, the modernization of Vietnamese literature was largely complete.
b)
- The complexity of the Vietnamese literary landscape from the early 20th century to the August Revolution of 1945 led to the emergence of multiple literary streams, which both competed and complemented each other in the process of development.
- The differences between these streams were:
+ Public literature: legal literature that existed within the colonial and feudal legal framework. It split into two main streams: Romanticism and Realism.
+ Illegal literature: included revolutionary poems, prison poems, East Asia Reform poems, and works from the Democratic Front of Indochina period.
c)
- Vietnamese literature from the early 20th century to 1945, especially from the 1930s onward, experienced rapid development.
- Reasons for this rapid growth:
+ The urgency of the times.
+ The primary driving force was the inherent evolution of national literature.
+ The awakening of the personal self among the youth intellectuals, after being suppressed for centuries.
+ A strong cultural vitality, anchored in patriotism and national spirit, demonstrated in the growth of the Vietnamese language and literature.
Question 2 (page 91, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1)
a)
- The most profound intellectual traditions in Vietnamese literary history include:
+ Patriotism: closely linked with the people, socialism, and the international proletarian spirit.
+ Democratic spirit: which brought new dimensions to humanistic traditions.
+ Humanism: now connected to personal consciousness, the desire for life, and the struggle for happiness for both individuals and the nation.
- Vietnamese literature from the early 20th century to the August Revolution of 1945 made significant contributions to these traditions. These ideas were developed in the spirit of democracy, with patriotism tied to love for the homeland, respect for national culture, and an international proletarian outlook. Humanism was linked to the awakening of the individual consciousness of writers.
b)
- New literary genres emerging during this period in Vietnamese literature included: drama, journalistic writing, reportage, novels, and literary criticism.
- The modernization and innovation of certain genres included:
+ Novels:
+ The first major contributor to novel modernization was Hồ Biểu Chánh.
+ Author Hoàng Ngọc Phách with the novel *Tố Tâm*.
+ The modernized narrative style of the *Tự Lực Văn Đoàn* group, which revolutionized the novel.
+ Realist novelists like Vũ Trọng Phụng and Ngô Tất Tố brought novels closer to everyday life, raising the standard of writing.
+ Poetry:
+ Poetry is closely associated with the name Tản Đà.
+ The *New Poetry* movement marked the peak of Vietnamese poetry development.
+ Revolutionary poetry, especially works composed in prison, such as Hồ Chí Minh's *Prison Diary*, also achieved notable success.
Practice
Question (page 91, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1)
It can be said that Vietnamese literature in the first thirty years of the 20th century (1900-1930) was a transitional period.
- In the first phase, modernization faced certain obstacles due to the strong pull of old traditions. This phase was only a preparatory period for the necessary conditions for modernization.
- By the second phase, despite significant achievements, many elements of traditional literature still persisted in various genres and themes.
=> Therefore, both phases were still influenced by traditional literature, which continued to shape the literary landscape. However, in the third phase, the modernization process was fully realized, and literature became genuinely modern.
Thus, the period from 1900 to 1930 is considered the transitional phase of Vietnamese literature.
3. Sample Outline 1
Question 1 (Page 90, Literature Textbook, Grade 11, Volume 1)
Modernization: the process of transforming literature by moving away from the classical literary system and adopting Western literary forms.
Factors enabling this change:
+ The leadership role of the Communist Party driving the country's progress.
+ The contribution of the press and publishing industry gradually replacing Chinese characters with the national script, allowing Vietnamese literature to form and develop.
- The process of modernization in literature unfolded as follows:
+ Phase 1 (from the early 20th century to 1920).
+ Phase 2 (1920-1930).
+ Phase 3 (1930-1945).
⇒ Early literature was deeply influenced by the old system, making it a transitional phase in literature.
b. The division of Vietnamese literature:
+ Split into two categories: public and underground.
+ Influenced by colonial conditions and the national liberation struggle.
+ Public literature divided further into: romantic literature and realist literature.
+ Underground literature includes revolutionary poetry and writings of nationalist prisoners.
c. Causes:
- The urgency of the time period.
- The internal drive of Vietnamese literature.
- The awakening and rise of individual identity.
- The growing demand for literature as a commodity.
Question 2 (Page 91, Literature Textbook, Grade 11, Volume 1)
Literature has two main traditions: patriotism and humanitarianism.
- Literature in the early 20th century up to the August Revolution:
+ Focused on representing all social classes, including the suffering masses.
+ Critiqued and expressed the individual's longing for beauty, dignity, and meaning.
b. New literary genres: journalistic fiction, literary criticism, and theory.
+ The modern novel discarded borrowed themes, plots from Chinese literature, and traditional episodic structures.
+ Modern novels focused on character psychology and deep introspection.
+ The narrative style became more flexible, often ending with a hopeful resolution that closely mirrored real life.
- Poetry: rejected the old norms and conventions.
+ The New Poetry movement liberated the poet's self-expression, brimming with emotion.
+ The world was viewed through an enthusiastic, positive lens.
Practice
Literature from 1900 to 1930 is considered a transitional period because:
+ It saw the coexistence of two literary traditions (old and new) and two distinct creative forces.
+ Modernization faced numerous obstacles.
+ The old literary style continued to have a strong pull.
+ Despite its decline, traditional literature still held a significant place in national literature.
+ The literary value of this period represents a bridge between tradition and modernity.
4. Sample Outline No. 2
Structure
Part 1: Key characteristics of Vietnamese literature from the early 20th century to the August Revolution of 1945.
1. Literature evolves toward modernization.
2. Literature divides into two main sections and develops into multiple trends.
3. Literature develops at a rapid pace.
Part 2: Major achievements of Vietnamese literature from the early 20th century to the August Revolution of 1945.
1. Achievements in ideological content.
2. Achievements in prose genres.
3. Achievements in literary criticism and theory.
Part 3: Conclusion (from "Development in the context" to "of the world").
Question 1 (Page 90, Literature Textbook, Grade 11, Volume 1):
a.
+ Modernization: literature breaks free from cultural influences and classical Chinese literary conventions, absorbing Western cultural and literary influences.
+ Contributing factors:
- French colonialism in Vietnam.
- The emergence of cities and a rising bourgeois class.
- The rise of Western-educated intellectuals.
- The creation of the national script.
- The birth and growth of the press.
+ The process of modernization unfolded in three phases:
- Phase 1 (from the early 20th century to around 1920): a preparatory phase, where content and genres began to modernize, though the traditional literary style still dominated.
- Phase 2 (from around 1920 to 1930): a more developed phase with more significant achievements, an increase in modern elements, but traditional influences persisted.
⇒ Phases 1 and 2 represent a transitional period.
- Phase 3 (from around 1930 to 1945): the complete realization of modernization.
b.
+ Complex division: public (legal) and underground (illegal) literature. Public literature further divides into various trends, notably romanticism and realism.
c. Causes of rapid development:
+ Objective: the urgency of the time, as society undergoes major changes.
+ Subjective: the inevitable movement and self-development of the national literary tradition.
Question 2 (Page 91, Literature Textbook, Grade 11, Volume 1):
a.
+ Core ideas running through the literature: humanism, patriotism.
+ The new contributions of literature during this period: the national spirit.
b.
+ New literary genres that emerged: novels, short stories, journalistic fiction.
+ Modernization of the novel:
- Moved away from the traditional episodic plot and moral lessons, towards a more natural narrative structure, flexible plot, with a focus on character psychology and refined language.
- Realist novelists included broad social themes, portrayed typical characters in typical situations, with language that was both rich and simple, free from clichés and rigid structures.
+ Modernization of poetry:
- A large group of New Poets emerged, each with distinct artistic styles.
- Revolutionary poetry flourished vigorously.
Practice
Question (Page 91, Literature Textbook, Grade 11, Volume 1):
Vietnamese literature in the first thirty years of the 20th century (1900-1930) is considered a transitional period because: it is moving forward in the process of modernization, with changes in both content and form, yet it still retains many features of classical literature.
5. Sample Outline No. 3
