For those who frequently work with Excel spreadsheets, locking one or more data columns is surely a simple task. However, for Excel beginners, it can be quite challenging to lock data columns. To help you easily lock data columns in Excel, the following article will guide you through this process.
To lock one or more data columns in an Excel spreadsheet, follow these steps:
Step 1: Open the sheet containing the data columns you want to lock, then select all sheets by pressing the Ctrl + A shortcut. Next, right-click and choose Format Cells.

In the Format Cells dialog box, select the Protection tab and uncheck Locked, then press OK.

Step 2: Choose the column or columns of data you want to lock, then right-click and select Format Cells. For example, to lock the Student ID and Name columns, select both columns.

In the Format Cells dialog box that reappears, select the Protection tab, check Locked, and press OK.

Step 3: You can select the Review tab -> Protect Sheet (or Home -> Format -> Protect Sheet).

When the Protect Sheet dialog box appears, enter the password into the Password to unprotect sheet field -> OK.

Confirm the password again in the Reenter password to proceed dialog box -> OK.

So now the selected data columns are locked. To unlock them, go to Review -> Unprotect Sheet (or Home -> Format -> Unprotect Sheet), then enter the password in the Unprotect Sheet dialog box and press OK to unlock the data range.

With the detailed instructions provided in this article, even those who are unfamiliar with locking one or multiple data columns in Excel spreadsheets should be able to accomplish it.
Wishing you all success!
