What is CPU? Which types of CPUs are currently widely used?

CPU is a vital component in every computing device. You may have come across this technology term before, but what exactly is it? What is CPU, and how is it structured and operates? In this article, Mytour will provide you with essential information revolving around the CPU topic. Stay tuned!

1. What is the CPU of a computer? What is the purpose of the CPU?

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the central processing unit of the computer. It is a fundamental hardware component responsible for executing calculations and managing system tasks.

CPU is typically directly attached to the motherboard and controlled by the operating system to perform tasks such as arithmetic calculations, data conversion, error checking, and managing other system resources.

Firstly, the CPU receives information from various input devices (mouse, keyboard, microphone, etc.) or from system programs (web browsers, etc.).

Next, it is responsible for four tasks:

Storage: CPU records the execution results back to memory.

Quá trình xử lý trên CPU được thực hiện một cách liên tục và nhanh chóng, tùy thuộc vào tốc độ của CPU và hệ thống bộ nhớ.

2. Bên trong của CPU có gì? 

Below are some crucial components inside the CPU.

Control Unit (CU)

This is a component responsible for regulating input and output data streams. Specifically, it fetches and retrieves instructions from the main memory and then decodes them.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

This is where all arithmetic and logic computations take place to make decisions, then returning results to registers or memory.

Registers

These are small-capacity but high-speed memory units. Data and instructions currently being processed in the fetch-to-execute cycle are stored here for quick processor access.

Command Code

This memory houses the CPU's machine code for executing commands from the server.

Control Section

Responsible for overseeing the control unit, computational unit, and clock frequency. The clock circuit synchronizes operations within and outside the CPU at specific intervals.

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3. CPU Chip Design 

The CPU chip is crafted in a square or rectangular shape. In some computer models, the CPU has a prominent lettering on top for proper placement into the CPU socket. The bottom part has multiple pins connecting to corresponding slots on the mainboard. In contrast, some other models have CPU pins soldered directly onto the mainboard.

To engineer an efficient processing unit, engineers must consider factors such as clock speed, power consumption, and heat dissipation capabilities.

In recent years, design innovation in this field has surged due to the demand for higher performance than ever before. As a result, modern processors are becoming increasingly complex, featuring multiple cores and on-chip cache memory.

4. How does CPU processing speed determine its swiftness? 

The processing speed of a CPU is indicated by its clock speed. It represents the number of cycles the CPU executes per second and is measured in GHz (GigaHertz). This means that a CPU with a clock speed of 3.2 GHz performs 3.2 billion cycles per second. 

Typically, the optimal CPU processing speed ranges from 3.50 to 4.2 GHz. Within the same CPU generation, a processor with a higher clock speed tends to perform better across various applications compared to a lower clock speed counterpart. This depends on multiple factors such as:

• Number of CPU cores: More cores enhance computational power, enabling multiple tasks to run concurrently, resulting in faster processing speed.
• Size and efficiency of the CPU cache: Modern compact CPU designs often exhibit superior performance compared to older generations.
• CPU processing speed-boosting technologies like hyper-threading, Intel Turbo Boost, etc.
• Thermal Design Power (TDP): This figure indicates the amount of electrical power consumed by the CPU. Lower TDP values correlate with better CPU processing speed.

Additionally, the CPU's data transmission speed can reach 75 – 90% of the speed of light.

5. Most Popular CPU Types Today

Currently, a wide variety of different processors are available in the market. However, the most prevalent CPU types today predominantly come from the two largest CPU manufacturers in the world, namely Intel and AMD.

These CPUs exhibit outstanding performance and features; however, choosing the appropriate CPU depends on your usage requirements and budget.

Intel CPU

This brand offers CPU models such as Intel Core i3, i5, i7, i9, and Intel Xeon. These CPUs are widely used in desktops and laptops, excelling in multitasking and gaming performance.

The most favored Intel CPU models include: Intel Core i9 9900k, Intel Core i7 8700k, and Intel Core i5 9400F.

Explore a selection of genuine, high-quality Intel CPUs with competitive prices on Mytour:

AMD CPU

The most popular AMD CPU series include AMD Ryzen 5, AMD Ryzen 7, and AMD Ryzen Threadripper. Known for their excellent performance and reasonable prices, AMD Ryzen CPUs are becoming a popular choice for gaming computers.

The most favored AMD CPU models include: AMD Ryzen 7 2700X, AMD Ryzen 7 2700, and AMD Ryzen 7 3700X.

Explore a selection of genuine, high-quality AMD CPUs with competitive prices on Mytour:

Common Questions About Computer CPUs

1. Can desktops or laptops operate without a CPU?

Desktops and laptops cannot function without a CPU because the CPU is the central processing unit, responsible for executing all tasks related to the computer's operation. In other words, it is an essential component for performing computations and data processing on these devices. Without a CPU, these devices cannot operate.

2. Is CPU internal or external memory?

The CPU is one of the most crucial hardware components in a computer or laptop system. It is not a form of internal or external memory.

Computer's internal memory is where programs, files, and data are stored during the computer's operation, directly linking with the CPU to execute functionalities.

On the other hand, external memory typically comprises electronic storage devices outside the computer, such as hard drives, USB drives, memory cards, etc., used for storing, transferring, and sharing files and data across different devices.

3. Can a laptop be upgraded in terms of CPU?

After prolonged use, a laptop's performance may decline, no longer meeting your usage needs. In such cases, you may consider upgrading your CPU. However, depending on laptop models, some can be upgraded, while others may encounter difficulties in doing so.

Laptops with socketed CPUs make the removal and upgrade process quite simple.

Conversely, some other slim-designed computers with 4th-gen or newer CPUs have the CPU directly soldered onto the mainboard, making disassembly and upgrades challenging. This can pose risks such as damaging surrounding components, affecting laptop functionality. Additionally, the cost of upgrading CPUs in these models is considerably high.

Moreover, the upgrade may impact the device's durability, so careful consideration is essential before deciding to upgrade.

4. Can CPU be replaced by GPU?

CPU and GPU play distinct roles in a computer system. Therefore, CPU cannot be replaced by GPU.

GPU specializes in processing image and graphics-related tasks. In contrast, CPU serves as the central processing unit, handling all computer tasks. Furthermore, modern CPUs have been improved and integrated with features, including graphic processing. However, some machines utilize both CPU and GPU, resulting in enhanced graphics and higher costs.

Here are essential details regarding What is CPU, how it functions, and the most popular CPU types today. If you have more questions about fundamental computer or laptop-related issues, visit Mytour Blog for additional detailed information!