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IGBT is a crucial component indispensable in induction cooktops. However, many people still do not fully understand what IGBT in induction cooktops is, its structure, and classification. What causes IGBT explosions in induction cooktops and how can they be resolved? Let's unravel these mysteries with Mytour in the article below!
1. What is an IGBT in Induction Cooktops?
IGBT induction cooktops, or simply IGBTs, are power semiconductor components with three terminals. They function as electronic switches, enabling the control and conversion of electrical circuits within induction cooktops for easier user control.
Visualizing IGBT in Induction Cooktops
2. Structure of IGBT in Induction Cooktops
IGBT has a semiconductor structure similar to MOSFET. The main difference is that IGBT has an additional layer connected to the Collector, creating a p-n-p semiconductor structure between the Emitter (similar to the source) and Collector (similar to the drain) without being n-n like in MOSFET. Therefore, IGBT is considered to have an equivalent structure to a p-n-p Transistor with the base current controlled by MOSFET.
Circuit structure and static characteristics of IGBT in induction cooktops
It is also thanks to this combination that IGBT is known by many other names such as Metal Oxide Semiconductor Insulated Gate Transistor (MOSIGT), Gain Modulated Field Effect Transistor (GEMFET), Conductively Modulated Field Effect Transistor (COMFET), Insulated Gate Transistor (IGT).
Under the effect of control voltage Uge>0, conduction channels are formed with charged particles, similar to the structure of MOSFET. These charges will move towards the Collector, passing through the n-p junction layer as in the base, Collector structure in a regular Transistor, and ultimately creating a Collector current.
3. Classification of IGBT in induction cooktops
In today's market, there are many types of IGBTs for induction cooktops from various brands including Europe, China, and Japan. However, IGBTs can be classified as follows:
- For Chinese induction cooktops, the following are the IGBT codes: FGA15N120, FGA20N120, FGA25N120, FGA 30N120, FGA40N120, FGA 50N120
- For European induction cooktops, the IGBTs in the FGA series are rated at 30A or higher. Some IGBT codes include GT40WR21, GT40T301, FGH40N160, K40T120, 40R22.
- When replacing IGBTs in Japanese induction cooktops, you may come across codes such as GT60N321, GT60J321
4. How to Measure IGBT in Induction Cooktops
To measure IGBTs, professionals often use a multimeter to determine whether the IGBT in the induction cooktop is still functional. Follow the steps below:
Measuring IGBT in Induction Cooktops Using a Multimeter
Step 1: Remove the IGBT from the device you are using
Step 2: Short-circuit the Gate and Emitter pins and apply a voltage of approximately 12V
Step 3: Set the multimeter to diode test mode, then place the positive probe on the Emitter pin and the negative probe on the Collector pin. Next, check if the multimeter needle shows a voltage drop across the IGBT diode.
Step 4: Reverse the steps from Step 3 and check the multimeter. If the multimeter needle shows an open circuit or high resistance state, then it's OK.
5. Causes of IGBT Explosion in Induction Cooktops
For families using induction cooktops, they often encounter the phenomenon of IGBT explosions. This issue stems from various reasons, one of which is:
Poor Quality IGBT
The first reason to consider is that your induction cooktop may have a poor quality inverter, especially in cheaper models, counterfeit brands, or those without clear origins.
Using Incorrect IGBT Model for Induction Cooktops
Induction cooktop IGBTs come in various models, each suitable for different circuit boards of the cooktop. Therefore, when replacing the IGBT for your cooktop, you need to check if the model is compatible with your cooktop's circuit board. Choosing the wrong model can easily lead to IGBT damage, or even explosions.
Incorrect IGBT Wiring to Power Source
As mentioned earlier, induction cooktop IGBTs have a structure similar to transistors, serving as highly efficient inverters for the cooktop. However, if any of the IGBT connections to the power source do not meet the requirements, it could also be the cause of the cooktop exploding.
Additionally, other possible reasons include diode bridge short circuit, driver circuit malfunction, IGBT operating over power for a prolonged and continuous period.
There are 3 main reasons leading to the phenomenon of induction cooktop IGBT exploding
6. Remedying a Blown IGBT in Induction Cooktops
One of the most effective ways to address a blown IGBT in an induction cooktop is to ensure you select the appropriate power rating that matches the type of cooktop you are using.
However, for safety and accuracy, it's best to seek assistance from technical professionals. They can help you with the replacement and repair of the cooktop, as well as identify the root cause of the IGBT blowing and select the appropriate IGBT power rating.
7. Important Considerations When Replacing IGBT in Induction Cooktops
- When replacing the IGBT for an induction cooktop, whether you do it yourself or rely on a technician, it's essential to remember the following important considerations:
- Before installing the coil wire for the cooktop, make sure to thoroughly test and inspect both the power module and the IGBT switch layers.
- IGBTs in induction cooktops are highly susceptible to damage from excessive control pulses, overcurrent, or overvoltage. Therefore, it's crucial to replace the IGBT with one that has equal or better specifications than the faulty one.
- Seek advice from professionals with expertise and experience before replacing the IGBT in your induction cooktop to ensure accurate and prompt replacement.
Here, Mytour introduces an article discussing what IGBTs in induction cooktops are, the reasons behind their failures, and how to remedy IGBT explosions. We hope the information we've shared will help you use induction cooktops and IGBTs more safely and efficiently.
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