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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) stands out as a vital programming technique you should grasp. In the following article, let's delve into OOP and explore captivating insights about it.
1. Understanding Object-Oriented Programming
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming approach based on the concept of objects and classes. Here's a glimpse into its core concepts:
+ An Object consists of two components: Attributes and Methods. Attributes represent the characteristic information of the object, while methods are the operations and actions performed by the object.
+ A Class is a data type that includes attributes along with predefined methods. In simpler terms, a class is a combination of objects with similar properties, grouped together into a class.
Example:
A Motorcycle class with Object instances like Honda, Suzuki... In this case, the Attributes include paint color, bike type, and the Methods encompass starting the bike and opening the bike trunk.
Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming method include:
+ Easy code management during changes.
+ Seamless project expansion.
+ Enhanced security measures.
+ Utilizing open-source code can save resources and time.
2. Fundamental Characteristics in Object-Oriented Programming
2.1. Inheritance Feature
Inheritance allows constructing a new class based on the definitions of an existing class. This means the main class can share data and methods with subclasses. Additionally, subclasses can extend with new components. Common types of inheritance include single inheritance, multiple inheritances, multilevel inheritance, and hierarchical inheritance.
As in the previous example, the xemay class will include the attributes: mauson, kieuxe. A Honda class, Suzuki class will inherit these attributes from the xemay class such as mauson, kieuxe. By creating a main class along with subclasses, we can inherit attributes from main classes to subclasses.
2.2. Encapsulation Feature
Encapsulation hides information and the internal processing characteristics of an object. Through the methods provided by the object, one can directly impact the internal data and alter the object's state.
2.3. Polymorphism Feature
Polymorphism allows different methods to be executed differently on various objects.
Example: In the scooter class, each scooter inherits attributes from the motorcycle class, but some scooters use a smart key while others use a regular key. There are scooters with 125cc and scooters with 150cc engine displacement.
Two children follow their mom's advice to 'eat pastry,' but one eats a donut while the other eats a bun.
2.4. Abstraction Feature
Abstraction helps eliminate unnecessary and unimportant aspects of an object, focusing only on the essential.
Example: Managing the list of excellent students in a class prioritizes criteria like Name, Gender, Date of Birth, and Scores without concerning irrelevant details such as nationality, exam date, or weight because they are not essential.
3. Popular Object-Oriented Programming Languages
Python: A high-level object-oriented programming language, widely used for developing websites and various applications on different platforms.
Java: A modern, high-level, object-oriented programming language known for its security and robustness. In Java, everything is an object, making it easily extensible and maintainable.
C# (C sharp): A simple programming language developed by Microsoft's engineering team in 2000. C# is a modern, object-oriented language built on the foundation of two powerful languages, C++ and Java.
Ruby: Created by Yukihiro 'Matz' Matsumoto in 1993 and officially released in 1995, Ruby is one of the rare languages originating from Asia, specifically Japan.
Swift: This language is most commonly applied on iOS and macOS operating systems. According to Apple, Swift is nearly three times faster than Obj-C and eight times faster than Python.
Objective-C: One of the languages used for programming applications for macOS and iOS. It is one of the earliest programming languages, developed by NeXT in the 1980s.
With the knowledge and insights shared about object-oriented programming in this article, you can grasp the fundamental aspects of this methodology. Wishing you all success!
