Buzz
While formats like .JPG, .PNG, or .BMP are widely known, RAW images might be a new concept for many. But understanding RAW is essential for any photography enthusiast. So, what exactly is a RAW image? How does it differ from standard formats like .JPG? This article will provide all the answers you need.
What exactly are RAW image files?
Simply put, RAW is a type of image file, much like JPEG. However, while JPEGs are considered processed images, RAW images—labeled as RAW on most cameras—are files that store image data in an unprocessed state straight from the sensor. Most camera manufacturers use their proprietary RAW file formats, such as Canon's .CR2, Nikon's .NEF, and Sony's .ARW. Adobe has also introduced a RAW file format called .DNG (digital negative).
Technically, Raw data doesn't form a tangible image like a standard JPG or PNG; it's simply an information file that needs interpretation by an application capable of reading that Raw data.
Raw image editing software
Each camera manufacturer with their own Raw file format also develops dedicated software to interpret Raw image data from their cameras. For example, Nikon has programs like View NX and Capture NX, Canon offers DPP (Digital Photo Professional), and Sony provides Imaging Edge software. Typically, such programs can only read the specific Raw file type provided by the same camera manufacturer; they can't interpret data from a different Raw image.
However, the largest market for Raw image processing software lies in third-party applications, with Adobe's Camera Raw being a prime example, integrated into Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Bridge, and Adobe Lightroom (all of which utilize a similar engine to interpret Raw files). Many other dedicated Raw processing applications exist, including Capture One Pro, Affinity Photo, and On1 Photo RAW.
A major benefit of using third-party Raw processing software is its ability to edit most Raw formats from different camera brands (while proprietary software from camera companies often only reads Raw files from their own cameras). Additionally, there are many other advantages to using third-party applications, such as generally better image quality and more efficient overall workflow.
Comparing Raw with .JPG
Below are some key advantages of an unedited image compared to a processed, finalized .JPG (which can be easily printed or shared on social media without further processing):
- Raw files can withstand significant processing without showing signs of image quality degradation.
Moreover, the Raw processing itself is considered non-destructive editing, meaning all adjustments aren't actually applied to the Raw file itself; they simply represent changes in interpreting Raw data and are only finalized when the Raw file is saved or exported to another format, such as .JPG or .TIF.
For .JPG, images in this format are compressed files, with fixed values for color and tone. Therefore, any major adjustments to .JPG images result in significant loss of image quality. .TIF files are similar, though .TIF images are much less compressed, allowing for larger edits with less loss in image quality compared to .JPG.
Through this article, I've provided a general overview of Raw images along with some related information like Raw image editing software and comparisons between Raw and .JPG. I hope the shared information above proves helpful to you all!
