Top 17 Oldest Temples in Vietnam

Huong Pagoda has a history dating back to the 15th century. The main structure of the pagoda was built at the end of the 17th century, though it was destroyed during the Indochina War in 1947 and later rebuilt in 1989 under the guidance of Venerable Thich Vien Thanh and the late Venerable Thich Thanh Chan. Huong Pagoda is more than just a single temple. It is a cultural and religious complex, known as the Huong Son complex, which includes dozens of pagodas dedicated to Buddha, several temples to various gods, and shrines honoring agricultural deities. The center of this complex lies in Huong Son commune, My Duc district, Hanoi, on the right bank of the Day River. The heart of the site is the Huong Pagoda, located within the Hương Tích Cave, also known as the Inner Pagoda. The festival begins on the 6th day of the Lunar New Year and usually lasts until late March. During this time, millions of Buddhists and visitors from all over the country flock to the Huong Pagoda for a pilgrimage. The highlight of the festival is from the 15th to the 18th day of the second lunar month, traditionally celebrated as the opening ceremony of the forest (Lễ Mở Rừng), which now symbolizes the opening of the pagoda. The rituals are simple but significant. Before the festival starts, the temples, pagodas, and shrines are filled with incense. The main pagoda, Huong Tich, is built within a natural limestone cave. The entrance arch has the inscription 'Hương Tích Động Môn' (Entrance to the Fragrant Cave). Visitors ascend a stone staircase of 120 steps to reach the cave where the temple resides, with five characters carved by Lord Trinh Sam in 1770, calling it 'The First Cave in the Southern Sky.' The cave contains stalactites in shapes symbolizing various aspects of life. Huong Pagoda is known for its spiritual significance, with many believing that a visit to this sacred site guarantees the fulfillment of wishes. It has inspired countless poets and writers, and each spring, visitors to Huong Pagoda seek peace, spiritual renewal, and joy for the coming year. The festival is rich with cultural activities such as boat rides, mountain climbing, and performances of traditional folk music like chèo and hát văn. During the festival, hundreds of boats float along the river, and the unique experience of boating through this sacred landscape immerses visitors in a heavenly atmosphere of Buddhist enlightenment.

Along with Tay Phuong Pagoda and Huong Pagoda, Thay Pagoda is one of the most famous temples in Hanoi. While Lang Pagoda is associated with the early life of the monk Tu Dao Hanh, Thay Pagoda witnessed the later years of this prominent figure and his passing. Originally, Thay Pagoda was a small hermitage called Huong Hai Am, where the Zen master Tu Dao Hanh resided. King Ly Nhan Tong ordered its reconstruction, which included two main areas: the Upper Pagoda (Dinh Son Tu) on the mountain and the Lower Pagoda (Chua Ca, also known as Thien Phuc Tu). In the early 17th century, Prince Dinh Quang and the royal family sponsored the restoration, building the Buddha hall, saint hall, and later the bell tower and stele house. According to feng shui, the pagoda is situated on a dragon-shaped land. To the left of the temple is Long Dau Mountain, while the temple's back is nestled against Sai Son Mountain. The pagoda faces south, with a large pond called Long Chieu or Long Tri (Dragon Pond) situated between Sai Son and Long Dau Mountains. The pagoda’s courtyard is shaped like a dragon's mouth, with the water pavilion resembling a dragon’s pearl, and two small bridges, Nguyet Tien and Nhat Tien, symbolizing the dragon’s whiskers. Thay Pagoda, with its natural beauty and historical significance, is a truly attractive tourist destination. Set against the majestic Sai Son Mountain range, Thay Pagoda stands in serene tranquility, sometimes surrounded by mist or bustling with worshippers. Located about 20 kilometers from central Hanoi, Thay Pagoda sits at the foot of Sai Son Mountain (also known as Thay Mountain or Phat Tich Mountain) in Sai Son commune, Quoc Oai district, Hanoi. Despite its grand mountainous surroundings, the pagoda exudes a calm and peaceful atmosphere. It is closely associated with Zen master Tu Dao Hanh, who is celebrated for his contributions to education, medicine, and for founding the Vietnamese water puppet art form. This ancient pagoda, with its curved roof tiles, was built in a unique architectural style that consists of three temples: Chua Ha, Chua Trung, and Chua Thuong, arranged in a parallel line. Surrounding the pagoda is a spacious area with a clear pond full of blooming flowers, a water pavilion for water puppetry performances, and two small bridges: Nhat Tien Bridge leading to the Tam Phu Shrine, and Nguyet Tien Bridge connecting to the mountain path. Chua Ha is where monks and Buddhists pray and where the monks give teachings. Chua Trung is dedicated to the Three Jewels of Buddhism. The largest and most majestic temple is Chua Thuong, which houses the three statues representing the reincarnations of Zen master Tu Dao Hanh. At the center stands the grand main hall, decorated with intricate carvings, with the revered statue of the master placed above. Thay Pagoda also enshrines statues of Tu Dao Hanh’s parents, Mr. Tu Vinh and Mrs. Tang Thi Loan, as well as his two close fellow monks, Minh Khong and Giac Hai. On either side of the temple, long corridors house statues of the 18 Arhats, with a bell tower and drum tower located behind the temple.

The Thay Pagoda festival is held on the 5th day of the 3rd lunar month. Over three days, monks, Buddhists, and visitors from all regions gather to participate in prayers, offerings, and to seek blessings, especially for love and relationships.

Bai Dinh Pagoda is a spiritual landmark located within the Bai Dinh – Trang An ecological tourism complex, with a history spanning over 1,000 years. The area has been the site of several dynasties, including the Dinh, Pre-Le, and Ly Dynasties. Bai Dinh is the largest pagoda complex in Southeast Asia, situated 95 km from Hanoi, covering an area of 539 hectares, with both ancient and new pagoda sections. The ancient pagoda is nestled on a peaceful mountainside, where visitors can explore caves, shrines, and temples, such as the Cao Son Temple and the Nguyen Saint Temple, as well as the sacred Ngoc Well. The architecture here reflects the distinct style and artifacts of the Ly Dynasty. The newly constructed pagoda, with its grand design, showcases the influence of traditional Vietnamese craftsmanship. It is home to many meticulously crafted statues of Buddha and Arhats, which attract visitors to Ninh Binh. Bai Dinh holds numerous records in Vietnam and Asia, including:

• Largest pagoda complex in Vietnam
• Largest gilded bronze Buddha statue in Asia
• Highest number of Arhat statues in Asia
• Largest Maitreya Buddha statue in Asia

Keo Pagoda (officially known as Than Quang Tu) is located in Duy Nhat Commune, Vu Thu District, Thai Binh Province. This ancient temple is one of the best-preserved examples of traditional Vietnamese architecture, with its 400-year-old structure almost intact. Originally named Nghiem Quang Tu, the temple was constructed in 1061 in Giao Thuy, on the right bank of the Red River. It was renamed Than Quang Tu in 1167, and due to the local name of Giao Thuy, it came to be known as Keo Pagoda.

The temple belongs to the Northern Buddhist sect and is a remarkable example of Le Dynasty architecture, still largely intact. The complex covers around 58,000 square meters and consists of various buildings arranged in different architectural clusters. Today, the complex comprises 17 structures with 128 rooms, built in the traditional 'internal and external courtyard' style. As you enter through the main gate, you pass by 24 pavilions where pilgrims can buy offerings before continuing to the Buddha hall. This hall is made up of three connected buildings: the outer hall, known as Chua Ho, the middle hall, called Ong Muong, and the inner hall, the Phat Dien. The entire temple is constructed from ironwood and features exquisite carvings by artisans from the Le Dynasty.

Beyond the Buddha hall lies the shrine to the deities. Outside, there is a well made from 36 stone grinding mills, once used to grind rice for the temple builders. In 2012, the Vietnamese government recognized Keo Pagoda as a national cultural heritage site. The Spring Festival at Keo Pagoda takes place on the 4th day of the Lunar New Year, and the Autumn Festival runs from the 13th to the 15th of the 9th lunar month. Each year, during these festivals, locals and tourists flock to the temple to enjoy traditional games, local foods, folk songs like Cheo and Quan Ho, and especially to embark on a pilgrimage to pray for peace and good fortune in the coming year.

One Pillar Pagoda is located on a street of the same name in the Doi Can Ward, Ba Dinh District. The pagoda is also known as Dien Huu Pagoda, which means 'longevity blessings'. Built during the reign of King Ly Thai To in 1049, the pagoda has withstood centuries of history. The current structure, rebuilt in 1955, remains an architectural marvel and was recognized in 2012 by the Asia Book of Records as the pagoda with the most unique architecture in Asia.

The pagoda was founded in 1049 under King Ly Thai To’s reign. According to a popular legend, the king dreamt of the Goddess of Mercy sitting on a lotus flower, glowing with a divine light and inviting the king to join her. After waking, the king shared this dream with his court, and a monk named Thien Tue suggested building a pagoda on a stone pillar just as he saw in the dream. The pagoda was designed with a lotus-shaped structure at the top to honor the vision.

In 1962, the One Pillar Pagoda was officially recognized as a National Historic and Artistic Monument. In 2012, it was honored by the Asia Book of Records for its unique architectural design. The original structure rests on wooden beams that are supported by a stone pillar. The pagoda’s present design features: a pillar, a lotus pedestal, and the pagoda roof. The stone pillar, measuring 4 meters tall (excluding the underground part), with a diameter of 1.2 meters, gives the impression of being as solid as a rock.

Visitors often come to the One Pillar Pagoda to pray for wisdom, vitality, and longevity. The architectural elements symbolize harmony between spiritual and natural forces, as seen in the lotus petals representing enlightenment. The pillar itself embodies Yang energy, while the surrounding pond reflects Yin energy, creating a balance that promotes vitality and longevity.

Historically, during the 8th day of the 4th lunar month, the kings and officials would come here to light incense and pray to the Buddha. Today, the locals continue to visit the pagoda on the 1st and 15th of each lunar month to honor its sacred significance.

If you're traveling to Quang Binh, make sure to visit and pay your respects at Hoang Phuc Pagoda, one of the oldest and most revered landmarks in the region. According to local legends, in 1301, Emperor Phat Hoang preached and taught Buddhism at this very temple, which is why Hoang Phuc Pagoda is considered sacred. With a history of over 715 years, it stands as one of the oldest pagodas in Central Vietnam.

Previously named Kinh Thien Pagoda and commonly known as Tram Pagoda, it is located in Thuận Trạch Ward, now part of Mỹ Thủy commune in Lệ Thủy District, Quảng Bình Province. The pagoda sits on a high, dry plot covering nearly 10,000 square meters, on the right bank of the Kiến Giang River, about 4 kilometers south of Lệ Thủy town center.

The origins of Hoang Phuc Pagoda trace back to a small Buddhist shrine called Tri Kien Am. In the past, following the Kiến Giang River eastward from the Quy Hậu area, one would enter the Tri Kien region, a place from the Ly and Tran dynasties. The shrine was named after this location. Historical records state that in March 1301, Emperor Tran Nhan Tong passed by Tri Kien Am and, impressed by its surroundings, renamed it Kinh Thien Am. In 1609, Lord Nguyen Hoang visited the shrine during his travels and, after resting there, commissioned the construction of a grand pagoda on the site, naming it Kinh Thien Pagoda.

In 1716, Lord Nguyen Phuc Chu visited the pagoda, donating funds for its restoration and ordering the creation of a plaque with the name 'Kinh Thien Tu' (Pagoda of Heavenly Reverence), along with a slogan 'Vô song phúc địa' (Land of endless blessings). In 1821, Emperor Minh Mang, on his northern tour, visited the pagoda and renamed it 'Hoang Phuc Tu' (Pagoda of Great Blessings). Locals often refer to it as Quan Pagoda.

Hoang Phuc Pagoda has a rich history spanning over 700 years. Not only is it a place of worship and the propagation of Buddhist teachings, but it is also closely linked with local historical events over the centuries.

Despite the many challenges of time, war, and natural disasters, the pagoda suffered significant damage. However, it was carefully restored, maintaining the original Tran dynasty architectural style. The restoration was completed in 2016, with the pagoda now featuring the Outer and Inner Gates, a Buddha tower, the Main Pagoda, and other key structures. The pagoda also houses precious artifacts such as statues of Avalokiteshvara and Ksitigarbha Bodhisattvas, as well as finely crafted ritual objects. Notably, the original large bronze bell from the reign of Emperor Minh Mang, standing 1.15 meters tall and measuring 0.57 meters in diameter, is still preserved, along with the Tam Quan gate and the main hall’s foundation.

Truc Lam Yen Tu Zen Monastery, also known as Yen Tu Pagoda or Long Dong Tu, is located atop Yen Tu Mountain in Nam Mau village, Thuong Yen Cong commune, Uong Bi City, Quang Ninh Province. It is part of the Yen Tu Scenic and Historical Complex. More than just a popular tourist destination, Truc Lam Yen Tu is a tranquil spiritual retreat where King-Emperor Tran Nhan Tong renounced the throne to practice Buddhism. The monastery, nestled on Yen Tu Mountain, became the place where the Phat Hoang (Buddha King) dedicated himself to Buddhist meditation and teaching. In 1293, the king renovated the Lân Pagoda to enhance its grandeur and majesty, transforming it into a center for learning and spiritual practice.

Today, the Truc Lam Yen Tu Complex is a major religious site, attracting tens of thousands of visitors annually who come to worship, reflect, and experience the peaceful atmosphere. This vast complex offers numerous places to explore. Before reaching Yen Tu itself, visitors stop at Den Trinh, a resting point where they can prepare for their ascent. The Truc Lam Yen Tu Monastery is a large hall where monks meditate and study Buddhist scriptures. It is often described as a “school” for monks to learn Buddhist philosophy, teachings, and meditation techniques. Other notable sites in the area include Hoa Yen Pagoda, Hue Quang Tower, the One-Roof Pagoda, Bao Sai Pagoda, Van Tieu Pagoda, and the famous Dong Pagoda. Dong Pagoda, the highest point of Yen Tu, is entirely made of bronze. Hiking to Dong Pagoda is considered a great achievement and a spiritual journey in itself. The area is revered for its sacredness, with many people coming to pray for prosperity, health, and peace.

It is said that those who visit Yen Tu for three consecutive years will be blessed with good fortune. Many visitors choose to ascend on foot rather than take the cable car, as a sign of their sincerity. Yen Tu also hosts an annual Spring Festival, starting on the 10th day of the first lunar month and lasting until the end of March.

Sung Nghiem Dien Thanh Pagoda, along with its annual festival, is a cultural gem deeply rooted in the rich traditions of Thanh Hoa. This ancient pagoda, dating back before the Ly Dynasty, is recognized as a national heritage site and is located in Duy Tinh village, Van Loc commune, Hau Loc district, Thanh Hoa province. The pagoda is also dedicated to General Tran Hung Dao, a revered historical figure.

Today, the pagoda houses many precious relics from the Ly Dynasty that are not found in other monuments from the same period. Notable items include large dragon carvings on stone remnants of an ancient tower, giant ceramic dragon and phoenix figures symbolizing cosmic creatures, and three lotus-petal stone pedestals resembling those at the Thay Pagoda in Hanoi, though more intricately designed. The pagoda also preserves valuable wooden statues, including three wooden statues of Avalokitesvara, crafted around the mid-17th century. Other ceremonial items such as altars, thrones, and ritual chairs date back to the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The bell of the pagoda was cast in the 11th year of Gia Long's reign (1812).

Upon crossing the stone bridge leading to the pagoda, visitors are greeted by two imposing guardian statues at the entrance. Entering the main courtyard, the visitor's path is flanked by the subsidiary hall for family prayers on the right and living quarters for the monks and nuns on the left. The central hall is spacious, and most of the religious ceremonies take place here. As visitors enter, they will encounter many large and majestic statues that extend deep into the interior of the temple. On the left of the main hall is an altar dedicated to the deceased followers of Buddhism, where their remains are stored. Visitors are encouraged to explore the temple's artistic craftsmanship or witness memorial services held within the temple.

The temple hosts an annual festival from the 8th to the 10th day of the second lunar month, attracting not only local Buddhist followers but also government officials from the province and district, along with visitors from other regions. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, people from the district gather in large numbers to participate in the worship.

Thánh Duyên Pagoda is a historic temple located on Mỹ Am Mountain (later renamed Thủy Hoa and Thúy Vân, but locally known as Túy Vân), in Vinh Hiền commune, Phú Lộc district, near the northern shore of Cầu Hai Lagoon and the Tư Hiền estuary. The pagoda was originally constructed during the reign of Lord Nguyễn Phúc Chu (1691 - 1725), and in 1830, Emperor Minh Mạng renovated it, adding a series of architectural features and renaming it ‘Thánh Duyên Tự’. During the Nguyễn dynasty, it was a national temple, receiving regular attention and restoration by the imperial court, with prominent monks assigned as abbots and caretakers.

The picturesque beauty of Thúy Vân Mountain and the surrounding Thánh Duyên Tự temple was recognized by Emperor Thiệu Trị, who ranked it as the ninth most beautiful scenic spot among the twenty landscapes of the Thần Kinh region, with a poem titled “Vân Sơn thắng tích” and a painting illustrating the temple in its serene setting, surrounded by Thúy Vân Mountain, Cầu Hai Lagoon, and the South China Sea.

Following several rounds of restoration, Thánh Duyên Pagoda has gradually regained the essence of its ancient design, which includes the temple’s entrance gate, a two-story pagoda, and the three-gabled main hall that still houses statues of the Three Buddhas, Avalokitesvara, 18 Arhats, and the Ten Kings of Hell in bronze. To the right of the temple’s courtyard stands a stone stele inscribed with four poems by Emperor Minh Mạng, praising the beauty of Thủy Hoa Mountain and Thánh Duyên Pagoda. In the main hall, a large bronze altar bears the inscription “Vạn Thọ Vô Cương” (Longevity without limit) in honor of Emperor Minh Mạng. Ascending to the mountain's peak, visitors can find the Đại Từ Các, a two-story structure with a gateway and surrounding wall. At the summit stands the three-tiered Điều Ngự Tower, approximately 15 meters tall, along with the Tiến Sảng Pavilion, which offers a panoramic view of the South China Sea. The area surrounding the temple is also home to several ancient pine trees that have withstood the test of time.

The Thánh Duyên Pagoda Festival is held annually on the 25th day of the first lunar month.

Thiên Bửu Pagoda is located in Điềm Tịnh village, Ninh Phụng commune, Ninh Hòa district, Khánh Hòa province, beside the Lốt River, under the Bến Gành bridge. The pagoda is also known by other names, such as Kỳ Lân Pagoda, Điềm Tịnh Pagoda, Thiên Bửu Thượng Pagoda, and the main temple of the Thiên Bửu lineage. The pagoda’s name, Thiên Bửu Thượng, refers to the original temple of the Thiên Bửu lineage, which was established before its counterpart in Ninh Bình. The village was once known as Xuân An, later changed to Điềm An, and eventually to Điềm Tịnh, a name it carries to this day.

The temple was founded in the mid-18th century by Venerable Tế Hiển, whose religious name was Bửu Dương. He introduced the Liễu Quán Zen tradition to Ninh Hòa, and established two Thiên Bửu temples, one in Điềm Tịnh and one in Ninh Bình. Today, the altars of Venerable Bửu Dương are enshrined in three temples: Thiên Bửu Thượng, Thiên Bửu Hạ, and Phổ Hóa. The inscriptions on these altars state: “The venerable monk’s full name is Tế Hiển, also known as Bửu Dương, the 36th generation of the Lâm Tế Chánh Tông, the founder of Thiên Bửu Pagoda. Memorial date: 20th February.” According to historical records, the Venerable Bửu Dương supervised the casting of the Thanh Lương Pagoda bell in 1763, as mentioned in an inscription on the bell itself.

The line of succession at Thiên Bửu Temple, beginning with Venerable Bửu Dương in the 36th generation, has continued through to the 43rd generation, passing down from the character “Tế” to “Nguyên” over nine generations. More than ten abbots have taken the position of the temple’s head, many of whom were known for their virtue and wisdom. Notably, during the tenure of Abbot Phước Tường (1922-1932), the temple flourished with a large congregation of monks and lay followers.

Throughout the years, the temple has been renovated several times, with the latest restoration in 2018, which included the construction of a new monk’s quarters. The temple complex consists of several buildings: the main entrance gate, the front hall, the main hall, east and west wings, and the monk’s quarters. Approximately 500 meters away from the temple is an ancient tower complex, which contains five old stupa structures dedicated to former abbots of Thiên Bửu. The most notable of these is the Bửu Dương Stupa, a seven-tiered tower built on a turtle-shaped pedestal, adorned with four dragons and two lions. The tower features 56 intricately carved reliefs depicting mythical creatures, flowers, and symbolic elements such as the phoenix, crane, and lotus. This impressive structure reflects the artistic brilliance and skill of its creators.

Thiên Bửu Pagoda serves as a center for both spiritual practice and cultural activities for the local community. Annually, the temple holds several significant events, including the commemoration of the founder’s death on the 20th of February, the Buddha’s Birthday, the Vu Lan Festival, and the 28th of July in memory of Abbot Phước Tường. The temple also hosts monthly teachings on Buddhist precepts and conducts services on the first and fifteenth days of each lunar month.

Ông Núi Pagoda, also known as Linh Phong Sơn Temple, sits atop Chóp Vung Peak in Phù Cát district, approximately 30 kilometers from Quy Nhơn city. Historical records suggest that the pagoda was established in 1702 during the reign of Lord Nguyễn Phúc Chu. At that time, a monk named Lê Ban retreated to a cave on the eastern side of Mount Bà for meditation. He constructed a small hermitage named Dũng Tuyền Pagoda. Lê Ban was a pioneer in the spiritual path, dedicating his life to meditation in the mountains, wearing bark robes, and harvesting herbs for healing. He became widely respected by the local people, who affectionately called him Ông Núi (the Mountain Elder). On the northern slope of the mountain, there remains a large cave known as Hang Tổ, which is believed to have been where Ông Núi meditated.

In 1733, the Nguyễn Lord, impressed by the monk's wisdom and virtue, bestowed upon him the title of Tịnh Giác Thiện Trì, the Elder Zen Master, and authorized the construction of a larger temple, which was renamed Linh Phong Zen Monastery.

To reach the entrance of Linh Phong Pagoda, visitors must walk along a sandy, smooth trail that gradually ascends the mountain. From there, hundreds of stone steps wind their way up like a dragon’s path, reaching an elevation of over 100 meters. From this vantage point, visitors can admire the grandeur of Mount Bà, the peaceful countryside below, and the sweeping views of Phương Mai Peninsula and the Nhơn Hội economic zone across the Thị Nại Lagoon. Beyond the main hall of the pagoda, a small bridge leads westward to the Tháp Tombs and the sacred Hang Tổ, located on the mountain’s rear side. This cave, once home to Ông Núi, remains in its natural, untouched state, with its rocky walls and surrounding scenery preserving its ancient mystique.

Ông Núi Pagoda is a National Historical and Cultural Monument, having passed through 12 generations of caretakers. The temple's annual festival, held on the 24th and 25th of January in the lunar calendar, celebrates the death anniversary of the temple's founder, Viên Minh. During this time, thousands of devotees and tourists make pilgrimages to pay respects, explore the scenery, and visit Hang Tổ to offer incense in reverence of Ông Núi's spiritual legacy.

Located at 161/85/20 Lạc Long Quân Street, Ward 3, District 11, Ho Chi Minh City, Giác Viên Pagoda, also known as Hố Đất Pagoda, is a historic temple with a rich 165-year legacy. Originally a small hermitage named Quan Âm Các, the temple's origins date back to 1798 during the restoration of Giác Lâm Pagoda. The area, known as Hố Đất, served as a port where timber was transported by river to build the temple. The timber was then carried by ox cart to Giác Lâm Pagoda, about 2 kilometers away, for the renovation work that spanned from 1798 to 1804. During this period, a monk entrusted with overseeing the timber's preservation built a small hut on the site, housing a statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. This hut eventually evolved into Giác Viên Pagoda, under the guidance of Zen Master Tổ Tông-Viên Quang, who officially renamed it Viện Quan Âm.

The pagoda underwent major renovations between 1899 and 1902 under the leadership of Venerable Như Nhu, and again between 1908 and 1910 under Venerable Như Phòng.

Giác Viên Pagoda features a two-winged structure, with the front hall dedicated to ancestral worship and the rear hall serving as a lecture hall and guest room. The two wings, East and West Lang, connect to the central building. The main hall is solemnly adorned with 153 statues, and 57 wooden panels, most of which were crafted during the temple's major renovations in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Notably, the intricate wooden carvings reflect the traditional Southern Vietnamese architectural style.

The temple houses 120 statues in the main hall, including depictions of Amitabha Buddha, Maitreya Bodhisattva, Avalokiteshvara, Mahasthamaprapta, the Ten Kings of Hell, and the Eighteen Arhats. Additionally, the altar of ancestors displays three statues of the founding abbots: Tiên Giác-Hải Tịnh, Như Nhu-Chân Không, and Như Phòng-Hoằng Nghĩa.

Some of the temple's most notable artifacts include three intricately carved wooden panels in the ancestral hall, depicting scenes from Vietnamese folklore such as Tô Vũ herding goats and the fisherman's life. The Bá Điểu panel, measuring 3 meters long and 2.2 meters wide, presents an entire birdworld in vivid detail, from peacocks to sparrows. Other remarkable items include a five-figure set of the Five Virtues carved in wood, a finely carved screen depicting the Listening Pillar (Đề Thính), and a statue of the Kitchen Guardian, created in 1880 by artist Nam Hưng Xương.

In addition to these treasures, the pagoda also houses a hammock stand gifted by the Nguyễn Dynasty to the abbot Tiên Giác-Hải Tịnh, as well as an ancient plum tree believed to have been brought from China by Mạc Cửu, a Vietnamese historical figure.

Giác Viên Pagoda was recognized as a National Historical and Cultural Monument by the Ministry of Culture and Information in 1993. In 2015, the Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee approved a comprehensive restoration project, marking the largest scale of preservation work in the pagoda's history.

Giac Lam Pagoda is one of the oldest pagodas in Ho Chi Minh City. It serves as the main temple of the Lam Te Zen sect in southern Vietnam. The pagoda is located at 565 Lac Long Quan Street, Ward 10, Tan Binh District, Ho Chi Minh City, and was recognized as a national historical and cultural heritage site by the Ministry of Culture and Information in 1988.

It was originally founded in the spring of the year Giap Ty (1744) during the reign of Lord Nguyen Phuc Khoat, with funds donated by the Minh Huong layman, Ly Thuy Long. Initially called Son Can (meaning 'mountain' and 'fertile mound'), it was later referred to as Cam Son due to its location on Cam Son Hill.

Visitors to the pagoda feel a sense of serenity as the temple nestles within the shade of tall trees. The roof, covered in green moss, lacks the sharp, soaring peaks typical of other temples, instead featuring eaves with tiles arranged to quickly drain rainwater. This simple yet harmonious design blends seamlessly with nature. Situated on a hilltop, the pagoda is aligned with ancient beliefs that suggest the presence of a pond or lake in front of the temple symbolizes prosperity, with the southern direction considered the most auspicious for Southern Vietnamese temples.

Throughout its history, the pagoda has undergone numerous restorations, each adding new architectural features influenced by the cultural and historical context of the time. For example, the decorative tiles, with their blue-and-white glaze, are arranged along the eaves and around the doorway arches, creating a dynamic, non-repetitive design. While these elements reflect some Western architectural influences, the overall aesthetic retains the traditional craftsmanship of the local Bình Duong ceramics, with the iconic blue-and-white glaze remaining dominant.

Thien Mu Pagoda is a beautiful and sacred temple often mentioned when visiting Hue. It is considered the 'oldest pagoda' in the ancient capital. The temple was initially built by Lord Nguyen Hoang in 1961 and named 'Thien Mu Tu.' Over the years, it has undergone several renovations, maintaining its grandeur through different historical periods.

Located on the Ha Khe Hill by the poetic Perfume River, Thien Mu Pagoda is just 5 km from the city center of Hue. Visitors can reach it by boat along the river or by car from Hung Long Commune. The ancient temple is often described by Duong Van An as a 'place where mountains meet the waters.' The scenery here blends natural beauty with the historical and spiritual significance, offering a serene, timeless atmosphere.

The pagoda features several unique architectural elements, including the Phuoc Duan Tower, the Hương Nguyện Hall foundation, the Great Bell, and stone steles dedicated to kings such as Khai Dinh, Thanh Thai, and Thieu Tri. Thien Mu is one of the 16 cultural heritage sites that make up the Imperial City of Hue, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Dau Pagoda was constructed at the dawn of the Common Era, and the first Indian monks are believed to have visited the site. In the late 6th century, the Chinese monk Ti-ni-da-luu-chi arrived at the pagoda and established a Zen sect in Vietnam. Construction of the pagoda began in 187 and was completed in 226, making it one of the oldest pagodas in Vietnam, deeply intertwined with the history and culture of Vietnamese Buddhism. It was officially designated a historical site on April 28, 1962.

Dau Pagoda is linked to the legend of Phat Mau Man Nuong, who is worshipped at the ancestor temple in Men Village, Mân Xa, located 1 km from Dau Pagoda. The temple was rebuilt in 1313 and restored several times in subsequent centuries. Under the reign of Emperor Tran Anh Tong, the scholar-official Mac Dinh Chi oversaw its renovation, transforming Dau Pagoda into a grand structure with 100 rooms, a nine-story tower, and a nine-arched bridge. Today, only fragments of carvings from the Tran and Le Dynasties remain in the main hall.

Dau Pagoda is also known by several other names, including Cau Pagoda, Co Chau Tu, Dien Ung Tu, and Phap Van Tu. Located in Thanh Khuong Commune, Thuan Thanh District, it was recognized as a Special National Heritage Site in 2013. Among its many notable features is the Hoa Phong Tower. According to historical records, during the Tran Dynasty, Mac Dinh Chi oversaw the construction of a nine-story tower. However, the current structure, built during the Le Trung Hung period, is only three stories tall and reaches a height of 15 meters, made from fired brick.

The front hall of the pagoda consists of seven bays with two side wings. The main platform is marked by three levels of stone steps running along the middle section. At the center of the front hall, two intricately carved stone dragon steps reflect the artistic style of the Tran Dynasty. Inside the front hall are altars dedicated to the Guardian Deities, the Old Man, the Sage, and the Eight Vajra Kings.

The Phap Van statue, enshrined in the Upper Hall, is one of the four statues from the Four Symbols set in the Dâu-Luy Lâu region, recognized as a National Treasure. The statue is imposing, serene, and cast in dark bronze, standing almost 2 meters tall. Its beautiful face, with a prominent beauty mark in the middle of the forehead, evokes images of Indian dancers and their homeland in the West.

The area connecting the front hall and rear hall houses the statues of the Eighteen Arhats, the enlightened disciples of the Buddha who have reached the Arhat stage. Additionally, statues of Bodhisattvas, the Three Buddhas, the Old Man, and the Holy Monk are found in the rear hall.

Tay Phuong Pagoda, also known as ‘Sung Phuc Tu’ or ‘Tay Phuong Co Tu,’ is located about 40 km from Hanoi in the peaceful, scenic area of Cau Lau Hill in Thach Xa, Thach That District. It is one of Vietnam’s most ancient pagodas, second only to Dau Pagoda in Bac Ninh. In 2014, the government recognized it as a National Historic and Cultural Site for its architectural significance. In 2015, the Buddhist statue collection at the pagoda was designated a National Treasure. Visitors will find the pagoda a serene place, steeped in history and surrounded by majestic natural beauty.

Constructed in 1632 during the reign of King Le Than Tong, the pagoda originally featured a three-aisled upper hall and a rear sanctuary with 20 connecting rooms. Between 1657 and 1682, under the rule of Tay Do King Trinh Lac, the old structure was demolished and rebuilt, including a new main gate. In 1794, during the Tay Son Dynasty, the pagoda was fully restored and given its current name, ‘Tay Phuong Co Tu.’ The exterior design and architectural features have largely remained unchanged since that time.

To reach the main gate of Tay Phuong Pagoda, visitors must climb 239 stone steps. The pagoda is arranged in a traditional ‘Tam’ layout, with three parallel sections: the main hall, the central hall, and the rear sanctuary. These three sections are aligned in a straight row, with the lower hall, central hall, and upper hall in sequence. Behind these three halls are the Ancestor Hall and the Mother Hall.

Tay Phuong Pagoda consists of several distinct buildings, including the Lower Gate, Upper Gate, the Temple of the Mountain God, the Front Hall, the Central Hall, the Upper Hall, the Ancestor Hall, the Mother Hall, and the Guest Hall. The eaves of all three sections are intricately carved with curling vine motifs, and many roof creatures and decorative details, such as dragons and phoenixes, are molded from fired clay. The dual-layered roof follows the traditional ‘dao’ style, with the lower tier featuring tiles decorated with geometric patterns, symbolizing the robes of high-ranking monks. The entire structure is built from red Bat Trang bricks, and the windows are circular, representing the balance between ‘form’ and ‘emptiness.’ The carvings on the wooden beams and walls display exceptional craftsmanship and artistic finesse.

One of the main attractions at Tay Phuong Pagoda is its vast collection of statues, including rare masterpieces of Buddhist sculpture. Visitors will notice intricate carvings of chrysanthemums, dragons, phoenixes, and tigers, all skillfully created by artisans from the famous wood carving village of Chang Son.

Inside the pagoda, there are 64 statues, including impressive depictions of the Three Buddhas, Amitabha Triad, and a statue of Snow Mountain in the ascetic stage. Notably, Tay Phuong Pagoda also houses 18 statues of Arhats, each with distinct poses and facial expressions.

Tran Quoc Pagoda is located on Thanh Nien Street in Truc Bach, Ba Dinh District. Also known as ‘Khai Quoc Pagoda,’ it was built during the reign of King Ly Nam De (544 - 548), making it one of the oldest pagodas in Hanoi and Vietnam. Situated on a small island in the northeastern part of West Lake, Tran Quoc Pagoda was once the center of Buddhism in the ancient capital of Thang Long during the Ly and Tran dynasties. Famous for its historical and architectural value, the pagoda continues to attract numerous Buddhist devotees and tourists, both local and international.

This ancient pagoda rests peacefully on Thanh Nien Street, following the Northern Buddhist tradition. The structure is a complex of buildings, with the main halls being the front hall, the incense chamber, and the upper sanctum, all arranged in the shape of the character ‘Gong.’ The pagoda’s doors still display the inscription ‘Phuong Tien Mon,’ along with two beautifully crafted Nôm couplets: ‘The sound of wheels passing through the mundane road / Opens the face of the country standing at the door of meditation.’

The pagoda’s architecture resembles a blooming lotus flower, evoking the image of the Buddha’s lotus throne. In front of the main entrance is a spacious courtyard paved with red bricks, featuring a large incense burner where visitors and devotees can offer incense. In 2003, the pagoda added a six-tiered, 15-meter tall tower known as the ‘Lục Độ Đài Sen,’ with each level housing six elegant white stone statues of Amitabha Buddha. The top tier holds a lotus-shaped spire, also carved from stone.

A leisurely walk through the peaceful atmosphere of the pagoda offers visitors a chance to admire a Bodhi tree, over a decade old, casting a generous shade over the courtyard. This sacred tree was a gift from the President of India during a visit to Tran Quoc Pagoda on March 24, 1959. Immersed in the serene ambiance, tourists can also explore the intricate architectural details and carvings throughout the pagoda. Although many of the roof tiles are covered in moss, this only adds to the charm and timeless beauty of this sacred site, which has stood for over a thousand years.