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The Kremlin not only serves as the highest seat of power in Russia but also stands as a cultural and historical center, making it an essential attraction for anyone touring Russia.
The History of the Kremlin
Throughout its history, the Kremlin has remained the heart of Moscow. Today, it is one of the most famous landmarks that visitors to Russia must see. It symbolizes Soviet power and has been the residence of the President since 1991. Originally built in the 12th century as a fortress, the first walls were made of wood. By the 14th century, they were replaced with white stone. Ultimately, in the late 15th century, the entire complex was rebuilt by Italian architects.
The red brick walls of the Kremlin, with their jagged edges, and its 20 towers were constructed at the end of the 15th century. One of the most significant towers, the Spasskaya Tower, which leads to Red Square, was built in 1491. The tower's bells were broadcast over the radio, serving as a time signal for the entire country.
Also facing Red Square is the St. Nicholas (Nikolskaya) Tower. Initially built in 1491, it was reconstructed in 1806. Two other main gate towers include the Troitskaya Tower, which features a bridge and an external defensive structure, and the Borovitskaya Tower, rising from the western wall.
The Structure of the Kremlin
Inside the Kremlin walls lies one of the most beautiful and impressive architectural ensembles in the world. Surrounding the Cathedral Square are three magnificent churches, all prime examples of Russian church architecture from the late 15th century. These churches ceased their religious functions after the 1917 Russian Revolution.
To the west of Cathedral Square is a group of palaces from various historical periods. The Faceted Palace was constructed between 1487 and 1491. Behind it stands the Terem Palace, built in 1635-1636. Both were incorporated into the Kremlin, with the royal residence additions built between 1838 and 1849.
The Armoury Palace was built between 1844 and 1851. Today, it houses the Armoury Museum, which contains an extensive collection of precious artifacts. Along the northeastern wall of the Kremlin are the Armoury, the Senate, and the Red Command School. The only building from the Soviet era is the Conference Palace (1960-1961), which has a hall used for political purposes and also functions as a theater.
During the war with Napoleon, the Kremlin was occupied by French forces. When they left Moscow, Napoleon ordered the destruction of the Kremlin. Although many shells did not explode, the damage was extensive. It took around 20 years to reconstruct various parts of the complex.
According to Mytour.vn
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Reference: Mytour.vn Travel Guide
Mytour.vnMarch 1, 2024
