Buzz
Breaking down the term from a Muslim perspective
Modesty holds a central place in the Islamic way of life. The Arabic term "Tabarruj" reflects this deeply, encompassing principles related to modesty and proper conduct for Muslim women. In this discussion, we’ll explore the definition of Tabarruj, its roots in the Qur’an and hadith, and how the concept continues to influence modern Islamic practices and social norms.
Defining Tabarruj
In Islamic teachings, Tabarruj refers to a woman making a public display of her beauty in a manner considered inappropriate by religious guidelines. This may include dressing in a revealing or flashy way, highlighting facial features and body shape, or using accessories like jewelry to draw excessive attention.
Guidelines
Understanding Tabarruj
“Tabarruj” describes the improper exhibition of a Muslim woman’s beauty. This Islamic concept addresses instances where women deliberately highlight their physical appearance in ways that contradict Islamic guidelines. Typically, this includes neglecting the hijab and modest behavior. Examples of tabarruj include:
- Wearing visible makeup
- Showing off jewelry
- Using perfume in public spaces
- Leaving hair uncovered
- Wearing sparkly items like rhinestones or diamonds
- Putting on high heels
At its core, tabarruj emphasizes the value of modesty. Beyond clothing and appearance, it also encompasses flirtatious behavior and immodest conduct. Islamic teachings aim to protect women from being objectified or harmed by encouraging dignity and self-respect.
- Islamic teachings apply the concept of tabarruj to both women and men. Men are also instructed to lower their gaze and maintain respectful behavior, reinforcing mutual modesty as the foundation of a peaceful society.
- While interpretations of tabarruj can vary between cultures, its foundational ideals of modesty and respectful presentation remain consistent.
Tabarruj in the Qur’an
Tabarruj is regarded as defiance against Allah’s guidance. Historical sermons, like one delivered by Mu'awiyah in Syria, recall the Prophet warning against seven forbidden acts, one of which was tabarruj.
- According to Abdullah bin Mas'oud, the Prophet “disliked ten behaviors,” including “Tabarruj by displaying adornment in inappropriate settings.” Notably, adorning oneself for a spouse does not fall under this category.
- One Qur’anic verse instructs: “And stay in your homes and do not display yourselves with tabarruj as in the times of ignorance. Perform prayer, give Zakaat, and obey Allah and His Messenger.”
The Qur'an identifies tabarruj as a sinful act. Umay'mah, daughter of Ruqay'ah, once came to the Prophet to declare her faith in Islam and accept him as the Messenger. In reply, the Prophet instructed:
- “I affirm that you must not associate partners with Allah, nor steal, commit adultery, kill your child, speak falsehood, wail, or display tabarruj like that of the days of ignorance.”
- Qatadah noted: “Women would walk out flaunting themselves and acting flirtatiously, so Allah prohibited them from such behavior.”
The Qur'an warns that tabarruj can lead to being cursed. The Prophet stated, “There will be women from my nation in later times who are clothed yet appear naked, with camel-like humps on their heads. Curse them, for indeed they are cursed.” Many Muslims understand this to mean such women are deprived of Allah’s mercy.
Tabarruj in the Hadith
Tabarruj is referenced in a hadith reported by Abu Udhaynah. Hadith, the recorded sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, hold a key place in Islamic teachings. Abu Udhaynah narrated that the Prophet said:
- “The best among your women are those who are loving, child-bearing, agreeable, and offer comfort—if they fear Allah. The worst are those who expose their beauty, obsess over appearance, and act hypocritically. Such women will enter Paradise no more often than red-beaked crows are seen.”
Tabarruj in Contemporary Society
Memes often highlight the idea of tabarruj. Within Muslim communities, the discussion of tabarruj has extended into digital spaces through memes. These typically show clothing considered immodest by Islamic standards, paired with Quranic references addressing tabarruj.
- Many also include imagery of cosmetics, emphasizing that tabarruj includes beautification practices, not just revealing dress.
Some modern Muslim women feel tabarruj is interpreted too rigidly. On platforms like TikTok, many women express frustration over how easily their clothing or interests are labeled as tabarruj. Even everyday feminine choices, like makeup or skincare, are often judged harshly. Despite this, many still use the concept as a boundary to maintain balance.
