Guppy fish are admired for their striking colors, cute expressions, and ease of care. What more could you want from a pet fish? If you wish to create a tank full of these adorable little creatures, you should learn how to breed them and care for their tiny fry.
Steps
Breeding Guppy Fish

Select the fish you want to breed. Pay attention to the number of fish, their colors, and the shape of their tails. If you choose two fish of the same color, the fry will inherit similar colors as the parents. This rule also applies to the shape of the fins.
- Number of fish: Generally, you will need to choose one male and two or three females for breeding. If there is only one male and one female, the male can become aggressive and chase the female around the tank. With a 1:3 male-to-female ratio, the male’s attention will be divided among the females, which helps reduce stress on them.
- Color: Guppy fish come in several basic color types, including Wild (gray or olive), Albino (light or white with red eyes), Blonde (light with black spots), and Blue (shiny blue).
- Tail shape: Guppy fish have various tail shapes, from round fins to sword-like ones. The most common tail shapes are Delta (wide triangular), Fantail (fan-shaped), and Round tail (small circular).

Select a breeding tank. You should choose a tank with a capacity of 40-80 liters, equipped with a heater and a gentle filter. It's important to use a gentle filter; otherwise, the guppy fry may get sucked into the filter and die. If your filter is too strong, you can cover the filter’s intake with a stocking to prevent fry from being harmed, while still filtering the water.

Prepare the tank. Unfortunately, guppies can sometimes turn aggressive and eat each other, so it's essential to provide hiding places for the fry once they are born. Guppy fry usually stay at the bottom of the tank, so you should use low plants to shield them. You should also include taller plants to allow the healthier fry to hide as they swim upwards.
- Do not add gravel to the tank. Gravel is often used to line the bottom of the tank, but it's not ideal for fry, as it can be easily cleaned and helps you monitor how many fry are still alive and how much food remains in the tank.
- Java moss, also known as breeding moss, makes an excellent hiding place for guppy fry.

Adjust the tank according to the fish’s needs. Maintain the water temperature between 25-26°C when placing male and female guppies in the breeding tank. Before adding the fish, make sure you have purchased high-quality fish food to support their breeding process.

Introduce the guppies into the breeding tank. By this stage, all you can do is wait for the fish to breed. Reintroduce the male guppy to the regular tank when you notice the female is pregnant. You can tell if a female is pregnant by observing dark spots on her belly, known as gravid spots. All pregnant female guppies show these spots, but they become more pronounced once the eggs are fertilized.

Recognize when the guppy is about to give birth. The typical pregnancy duration for guppies is around 26-31 days. As the female nears delivery, her belly will swell significantly, and the gravid spots will turn a deep black (or dark brown if the guppy is albino or blonde). The female's belly will also become more square-shaped, rather than round. Guppies give birth to live young instead of laying eggs. You should closely monitor the female to separate her into a different tank immediately after birth (as she may eat her fry).
- Signs that the guppy is about to give birth include lethargy, isolation, trembling (contractions), staying near the heater, refusal to eat, or spitting out food.
Taking Care of the Fry

Remove the mother fish from the breeding tank once the fry are born. This action may seem harsh, but in reality, the fry are already equipped to survive on their own. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, the female guppy may occasionally eat her young.
- If you can't be present when the fry are born, ensure that you provide plenty of aquatic plants for the fry to hide in.

Maintain tank cleanliness and the proper temperature. The ideal water temperature for fry is 25.5°C. You should maintain this temperature until the fry are fully grown. The tank also needs to be cleaned regularly. Be careful when vacuuming the tank to remove debris, and replace 40% of the water every few days to keep the tank water clean.

Feed the fry the right kind of food. Guppy fry eat brine shrimp, grindal worms, or finely crushed flake food. They need to be fed twice a day. Guppies enjoy both meat and vegetables. You should offer vegetable flakes and regular flake food. Remember that the fry are still very small, so overfeeding can cause leftover food to spoil the water, potentially leading to disease or even death of the fry.
- Newly born fry need brine shrimp to develop properly. If you want to treat your guppies, you can add some boiled spinach to the tank.

Take steps to ensure the health of the guppies. This includes removing dead fry. Dead fry will float to the surface, and you can easily scoop them out. Monitor how many fry die. If you notice a high number of deaths, you need to determine the cause. Change the water and try different food. Accumulated waste is harmful to the health of your guppies.

Chuyển cá con sang bể thông thường khi chúng đã đủ lớn. Khi cá bột đã đạt kích thước thích hợp hoặc được một tháng rưỡi đến hai tháng tuổi để có thể tự vệ, bạn có thể thả chúng vào bể thông thường với những con cá không có tính hung hăng, bán cho các cửa hàng cá cảnh hoặc tặng bạn bè.
Cách làm thức ăn cho cá bột
- Bỏ thức ăn cá dạng viên/dạng vảy vào túi ni lông có khóa kéo.
- Nghiền cho đến khi thức ăn cá biến thành bột mịn.
- Cho cá ăn một lượng nhỏ.
- Trộn chung các loại thức ăn khác nhau có hàm lượng protein cao.
- Nếu thức ăn quá to, cá bột sẽ không ăn. Trong trường hợp đó, bạn nên mua thức ăn dành riêng cho cá bột.
- Nhúng tăm vào nước, sau đó nhúng vào bột thức ăn rồi nhúng lại vào nước.
Lời khuyên
- Nếu cá đực không chịu thụ tinh cho cá cái, bạn hãy thử thả một con cá đực khác vào lọ và đặt cạnh bể cá nhân giống. Điều này sẽ kích thích cá đực giao phối khi nó thấy có đối thủ cạnh tranh. Nếu cũng không có tác dụng, có lẽ bạn phải chọn con cá đực khác để nhân giống.
- Thử ghép đôi những con cá đực và cá cái có màu sắc và hình dạng vây đặc biệt mà bạn thích để đảm bảo cá bột có ngoại hình như bạn mong muốn.
- Không thả nhiều loài cá khác nhau chung với cá bảy màu, chúng sẽ gây căng thẳng cho các cặp cá đang sinh sản và ăn hết những con cá bột mà chúng nhìn thấy.
- Đem tặng hoặc bán cá bảy màu bột nếu bạn có quá nhiều cá bột trong bể; nếu không, chúng sẽ không lớn lên được và sẽ ăn đuôi của nhau.
- Cố gắng không để bể cá quá chật chội, vì khi đó cá sẽ bị stress, hung hăng và có thể tấn công những con cá khác.
- Sử dụng 2 bể riêng biệt, một dành cho cá trưởng thành, và một dành cho cá bột (chờ cho đến khi cá bột đạt kích thước khoảng 1,2 cm mới thả vào bể kia).
- Nếu cá cái đẻ, bạn cần chuyển cá mẹ sang bể khác; nếu không, có thể cá mẹ sẽ ăn cá con.
- Chọn sẵn bể có kích thước thích hợp cho cá bột trước khi cho cá sinh sản.
- Không kiểm tra cá quá thường xuyên để tránh gây căng thẳng cho cá và chúng sẽ không đẻ.
- Đặt một chai nhựa để giữ an toàn cho cá bột trong bể cá. Cho thức ăn vào trong chai để chúng bơi vào ăn.
- Thử cho thêm cỏ thủy sinh hoặc đặt ống an toàn trong bể cá.
- Cố gắng dùng hai bể nhân giống cá nếu bạn áp dụng phương pháp này. Một bể dành cho cá bột, một bể cho cá cái đẻ.
Warning
- If the male guppy becomes too aggressive towards the female, try adding more hiding places for the female, such as artificial plants and small shelters. If the aggression continues and the male refuses to mate, remove the aggressive male, as this is a poor breeding trait (aggression is uncommon in guppies) and can harm the female.
What You’ll Need
- Four tanks: A 30-liter tank for the male guppies, another 30-liter tank for the females, a 60-liter tank for breeding, and a 45-60 liter tank for the fry.
- Heaters, thermometers, and gentle water filters for each tank.
- Live or frozen brine shrimp, earthworms, crushed flake fish food, daphnia, or specialized fry food for baby fish.
- Plants (either aquatic or artificial plants).
- A small fish net.
- Cleaning tools for the tanks.
- Seashells can be used as hiding places for the fry if you prefer not to spend money on buying shelters.
