If you enjoy growing fruits or vegetables, you may have considered planting tomatoes. With a wide variety of types, delicious flavors, and health benefits, tomatoes are a wonderful fruit! With proper care throughout the planting, nurturing, and harvesting stages, you can enjoy the fruits of your labor this year and for many years to come.
Steps
Choose a Planting Location

Plant directly in the ground if possible. You can grow almost any variety of tomato and you won't need to water them frequently if they're in containers. This method is also worth considering if you're aiming for a bountiful harvest.
- On the other hand, you will need to find a spot that receives 6-8 hours of sunlight daily. If soil-borne diseases spread, you may struggle to disinfect the entire planting area or replace the soil. These gardens are vulnerable to damage from moles, field mice, birds, squirrels, and deer.

Create plant trays. This is a great option if you're concerned about soil contamination. You can even replace the soil if a disease outbreak occurs or when needed. Loosely packed soil helps with better drainage and better airflow than garden soil. This option is also helpful if you suffer from back or leg pain, as you won't need to bend down as much.
- However, the downside is that you'll need to leave enough space between the trays to care for and harvest plants more effectively. Additionally, you may need to spend money on materials, such as untreated wood and soil.
Use plant pots if you have limited space. Some pots are more portable than others, making them perfect if you have limited space outside. However, you will need to water them more frequently as the soil dries out quickly. You might also need to invest in supports if you live in a windy area. Common pot types include:
- Recycled buckets are affordable and easy to find. They're lightweight, making them easy to move. However, you need to drill drainage holes yourself. Black plastic buckets can get too hot and release toxic chemicals into the soil, and metal buckets can rust and stain your yard or patio.
- Wine barrels are visually appealing and offer plenty of space for roots to grow. However, they're difficult to move and will eventually decay. You also need to drill drainage holes yourself.
Install window boxes on higher floors. With this method, you can easily water and harvest by simply opening the window. Additionally, you'll face fewer pest issues when growing plants at higher elevations. However, you'll be limited to smaller varieties, like cherry tomatoes, to avoid the plants toppling over. You’ll also need to securely attach the plant boxes to the windowsill.
Hang plants above. This is an ideal choice if you don’t want to bend over while tending to your plants. However, since they aren't on the ground, you'll need to water them more frequently. They also require sturdy materials to secure them in place.
- Hanging baskets can be placed in upper-floor apartments by suspending them outside a windowsill. However, your options will be limited to smaller varieties like cherry tomatoes.
- Upside-down pots can be made from recycled buckets. When growing plants in upside-down pots, you won’t need to tie the plants to stakes, and birds can't peck the tomatoes because they can't land. However, water may not drain completely and could drip onto the leaves and fruit, increasing the risk of disease. Plants in upside-down pots also produce fewer fruits.
Planting

Add plenty of compost to your garden soil. Tomatoes thrive in nutrient-rich soil. If you don't compost your own, you can buy compost that contains granite dust and topsoil. You'll need about 25 to 40 kg of compost per square meter of soil. Mix the compost into the top 6-8 cm of the soil.
- Before planting the seedlings, add a handful of organic fertilizer or eggshells to the bottom of the hole. As the roots grow deeper, they'll encounter this nutrient layer, which helps the plant produce fruit.
Monitor the soil pH. Tomatoes grow best in slightly acidic soil. High acidity can leach calcium from the plant, causing blossom end rot. Maintain the pH between 6.0 and 6.8. If the pH exceeds 6.8, water the soil with a mixture of cold coffee and water in equal parts. You can also add a layer of pine needle mulch. If the pH falls below 6.0, add dolomitic lime or other calcium sources such as crushed eggshells or lime.
Choose a sunny spot. Plant tomatoes in a location with full sun. If you live in a colder climate, try to select a spot that gets at least 6 hours of sunlight each day. In warmer or hotter areas, choose a spot with some afternoon shade.
- Remember, tomatoes can tolerate full sun, even in warmer climates. Just ensure the soil remains loose and water the plants adequately.

Space your tomato plants 45 to 90 cm apart. This distance allows enough room to move between the plants to water, weed, and harvest. If you're in a hot region, space the plants 25 to 45 cm apart. This tighter spacing allows the plants to intertwine and provide shade for each other's fruit, helping prevent sunscald.
Dig a deep hole to transplant your plant into the soil. Fill the hole with soil up to about 50-80% of the plant’s height, packing the soil around the roots. Make sure the roots are fully covered. It’s fine if the soil covers some of the lower leaves as well. New roots will grow from the stem buried in the soil, helping the plant develop more quickly.
- When removing the plant from the pot, tap the bottom lightly so that the roots and soil come out together. This is important because cutting the roots can harm the plant.
Plant care
Set up a trellis or stake for your tomato plants. This will provide support for the tomato branches. Install the trellis or stake immediately after planting the tomato, no later than 14 days. If desired, you can create your own trellis.
- The trellis should be at least 1.2 meters tall. It might bend if the plant gets too heavy, and it could collapse during summer storms. You will need to prune leaves and stems as the plant grows.
- The stake should measure at least 1.5 x 5 cm in width and be between 1.8 to 2.4 meters in length. Push the stake deep into the ground (around 30 to 60 cm) and position it at least 5 cm away from the plant. Secure the plant to the stake using two loose fabric ties to avoid constricting the plant. You can use bamboo, wood, PVC pipes, or metal rods for the stakes.

Water once every 7-10 days after the first week. Water about 500 ml of warm water per plant each day. It’s better to direct a drip nozzle towards the roots rather than watering the top of the plant to prevent conditions that might foster disease.
- To prevent mold or fungal infections, water in the morning.
- After the first 10 days, reduce the watering frequency. Ensure that your plants receive between 2.5–7.5 cm of rainfall each week. If not, provide about 7.5 liters of water per week starting from the second week after planting.
- Increase the watering when the plants grow larger and during hotter weather. Water thoroughly 2-3 times a week, using 3-4 liters each time. Make sure the soil remains moist but not waterlogged.

Apply mulch. After one or two weeks, cover the soil around the plants with a layer of straw or dry grass. This mulch will help control weeds and retain soil moisture during dry periods. The mulch should be about 2.5 cm thick and cover an area at least 30 cm in diameter around the base of the plant.
Chọn phân bón. Cà chua có thể phát triển rất tốt nếu đất trồng cây giàu chất dinh dưỡng hữu cơ. Nếu sử dụng phân hóa học, bạn cần chọn loại phân bón rau. Dùng một nửa nồng độ khuyến nghị cho mỗi lít nước (theo hướng dẫn trên bao bì).
- Không dùng phân bón cỏ. Tỷ lệ khoáng chất trong phân bón cỏ khiến cành và lá phát triển.
- Bón quá nhiều phân có thể khiến cây phát triển quá nhanh, do đó dễ bị sâu bệnh hơn.
Lắc nhẹ giàn hoặc cọc chống cây. Điều này sẽ hỗ trợ cây ra quả nhờ phấn hoa được phân phối đều hơn. Thực hiện mỗi tuần một hoặc hai lần trong khoảng 5 giây, bắt đầu khi cây ra hoa.
Xử trí những vấn đề thường gặp

Kiểm tra các chồi nách. Những nhánh cây này mọc ra giữa các đốt của thân cây và các cành khác. Khi lớn lên, chúng sẽ hút chất dinh dưỡng của cây. Khi các chồi nách được để lại, cây sẽ cho nhiều quả hơn nhưng quả sẽ nhỏ hơn. Bạn nên ngắt bỏ các chồi này để cây cho quả to hơn.

Chống nóng. Nếu sống trong vùng khí hậu nóng, bạn nên trồng các giống cà chua chịu nóng như Phoenix, Heatmaster, và Solar Fire. Tìm vị trí có ánh nắng mặt trời toàn phần vào buổi sáng và ánh sáng lọc vào buổi chiều. Vào khoảng thời gian từ 10 giờ sáng đến 2 giờ chiều, bạn cần bảo vệ cây bằng cách dùng vải che nắng cho cây.
- Nếu quả cà chua bắt đầu chín đúng vào lúc thời tiết nóng với nhiệt độ ban đêm quá 24 độ C, ban ngày quá 35 độ C, bạn nên thu hoạch sớm. Cà chua sẽ ngừng chín khi thời tiết quá nóng.

Kiểm soát độ ẩm. Cà chua cần độ ẩm cao (80-90%) vào ban ngày và độ ẩm trung bình (65-75%) vào ban đêm để ra quả. Độ ẩm vượt quá 90% hoặc dưới 65% có thể khiến cuống hoa bị thối rữa. Nếu trồng cà chua trong nhà kính, bạn có thể dùng ẩm kế dây treo để đo độ ẩm. Để tăng độ ẩm trong nhà hoặc nhà kính, bạn hãy thử phun sương cho cây. Giảm độ ẩm trong nhà kính bằng cách dùng quạt hút.
- Nếu sống trong vùng khí hậu ẩm ướt, tốt nhất là bạn nên trồng các giống cà chua ngoài trời chịu được độ ẩm cao như Ferline, Legend, Fantasio.

Ngăn ngừa thối cuống hoa. Thối cuống hoa là hiện tượng quả cà chua bị đen và thối dưới đáy quả. Khi bạn nhìn thấy hiện tượng này thì đã quá muộn để có thể cứu cây cà chua. Phòng ngừa vẫn là biện pháp tốt nhất. Sự thiếu hụt can-xi có thể dẫn đến thối cuống. Để ngăn ngừa tình trạng này, bạn nên:
- Đun sôi 4 lít nước và 1 thìa canh (15 ml) nước cốt chanh.
- Thêm 6 thìa canh bột xương vào nước. Khuấy đều. Không phải lo lắng về việc hòa tan dung dịch.
- Đậy nắp và đun khoảng 30 phút.
- Để nguội.
- Tưới lên lá và xuống rễ mỗi cây khoảng 1 lít dung dịch.
- Lặp lại liệu pháp này lần thứ hai trong vòng 3-5 ngày.

Áp dụng biện pháp ngăn ngừa chim. Gắn những vật trang trí màu đỏ lên trên đầu giàn cà chua. Chim sẽ nghĩ đó là quả cà chua và mổ vào. Các quả trang trí có bề mặt cứng và không có mùi vị khiến lũ chim bối rối, và chúng sẽ để yên cho cây cà chua của bạn.

Thả gà và vịt vào vườn. Bạn có thể làm điều này nếu thành phố bạn đang sống cho phép. Gà vịt thích ăn ốc sên và sâu sừng. Nếu không được kiểm soát, ốc sên và sâu sừng có thể ăn hết lá cây cà chua và giết chết cây.

Kiểm soát ốc sên bằng bìa giấy. Dùng lõi giấy toa lét hoặc lõi khăn giấy lồng vào phần thân dưới của cây cà chua khi cây còn non. Kết cấu của bìa giấy khiến ốc sên không bò lên được.

Plant species that attract beneficial predatory animals. Good options include marigolds, cosmos, and watercress. These plants attract ladybugs and parasitic wasps, which in turn eat aphids and hornworms that can damage your tomato plants.
Advice
- When removed from the plant, side shoots can root in moist soil and develop into new tomato plants. However, you’ll need large shoots. Only do this if you live in a region with a long growing season, as these plants will mature earlier than others.
- If you decide to remove side shoots from an 'indeterminate' tomato plant (not a bush variety), consider leaving part of the shoot intact. Let the shoot grow longer and produce a few leaves before pinching off the top. This way, the plant won't focus all its energy on growing long branches.
- If the stem or roots of the plant are damaged, you can often save it by burying the stem in the soil and allowing the lower branches to root, just as you did when planting the initial 75% of the plant in the ground. Hairy fibers on the stem and branches will turn into roots.
- Make “tea fertilizer.” If possible, make your own fertilizer by placing compost in a nylon sock or loose fabric. Place the “tea bag” in a 20-liter bucket and fill it with water. Let it steep for a few days. Dilute the “tea” with water in a 1:1 ratio.
- You can grow your favorite tomato plants by saving the seeds in a paper towel. Let the seeds dry. Bury the paper towel with the seeds in the soil when planting begins the following year.
