How to Identify Depression in Cats

Just like humans, cats can experience depression. This may result from various factors, such as moving to a new home or the loss of a close companion. Depression in cats is hard to identify because behavioral changes are often subtle and may seem normal. However, by observing your cat closely, you can spot signs of depression and take appropriate action.

Take your cat to the vet. If you notice changes in your cat's behavior, it's a good idea to contact a veterinarian to ensure there are no underlying health issues causing the depression that may require special treatment.

• Discuss the changes you've observed in your cat's habits, such as shifts in eating, sleeping, and behavior patterns. The vet will conduct regular physical exams, listen to the heartbeat, check the eyes and ears, and measure the body temperature.
• Based on the behavioral changes you've reported, the vet may recommend blood tests, X-rays, or other diagnostic procedures. Some results may be available immediately, while others might take a few days to return.
• If the vet finds no health problems, it's likely that your cat is experiencing depression.

Take note of any recent changes. Feline depression is often linked to various factors. You need to consider the current situation and identify any major changes that may have led to depression in your cat.

• Have you moved recently? A change in residence is a major cause of feline depression. Many cats face challenges when adjusting to a new home, and they may temporarily fall into a depressed state as they acclimate to the new environment.
• Has anyone or any pet passed away recently? Whether it’s a person or another animal, cats are affected by loss. While they may not understand death like humans, they can still sense the absence of a loved one, which can lead to depression.
• Have you been particularly busy lately? Whether due to work, social life, or a new romantic relationship, spending less time with your cat can easily make them feel depressed. Cats, especially breeds like Siamese, are social creatures and will feel down if they sense neglect.

Be mindful of the time of year. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is not only a human issue but also affects cats at certain times of the year, particularly during winter months.

• Winter often brings shorter days with less sunlight. A lack of sunshine can cause depression in cats, leading to changes in behavior. If your cat’s temperament shifts during a particular season, it might be suffering from seasonal depression.
• Sunlight impacts melatonin and serotonin levels. A shortage of these chemicals can make both humans and cats feel tired, anxious, and down. Outdoor cats are particularly vulnerable to this condition during winter, as they spend most of their time outside in nature.

Observe your cat's sleeping habits. Cats love to sleep. In fact, they typically sleep for 16 hours a day. However, if they are sleeping more than usual, this could be a sign of depression.

• Cats usually sleep a lot, so it’s not always easy to gauge what constitutes 'too much.' You should track the times when they wake up and go to sleep, using these times as a reference to monitor their sleeping patterns.
• If your cat normally greets you in the morning but suddenly sleeps in, such as on the kitchen counter, they might be depressed. Pay attention if they used to be active after waking but now seem lethargic.
• Look for signs of energy loss. When awake, does your cat appear sluggish? Some cats are naturally lazy, but if your usually active cat is suddenly lying down all day, they could be suffering from depression.

Listen for increased vocalization. Cats produce various sounds, from hissing to purring or meowing. If they are vocalizing more than usual, it may indicate depression.

• A depressed cat may cry, howl, or hiss in response to stimuli, or produce random sounds throughout the day. They might be trying to communicate that something is wrong.
• Every cat has a different amount of sleep, and what’s considered 'normal' varies. If your cat typically meows to announce their presence or seek attention, this isn’t necessarily a cause for concern. However, if your usually quiet cat starts waking you up at night with loud cries, they could be expressing their unhappiness.
• Excessive meowing can also occur after the loss of a close companion. Cats may vocalize in an attempt to locate them.

Monitor your cat's eating habits. Cats suffering from depression may either eat more or less as a way to cope with their sadness. You should observe how much food your cat consumes.

• Lack of appetite is a common side effect of depression, both in humans and animals. Your cat might refuse to eat, and you may notice that it doesn't touch its dry or wet food when meal time comes. If their eating habits change, it could result in weight loss.
• On the other hand, some cats may eat more when depressed. While this is rarer, it can still happen. If you notice your cat asking for food more often, especially gaining weight, it could be a sign of depression.

Examine your cat’s fur. Depressed cats may stop grooming themselves or may excessively lick their fur. This change in behavior is often quite noticeable.

• If your cat's coat appears dull and matted, it could be a sign they’ve stopped grooming. You might also notice they no longer groom as frequently. For example, if your cat typically cleans itself in the living room after dinner but suddenly abandons this routine, it could indicate depression.
• Conversely, some cats may over-groom as a way to manage anxiety caused by depression. You might observe them grooming for extended periods, leading to bald spots or skin irritation from excessive licking.

Watch for increased hiding behavior. Cats are social animals but also need time alone. They tend to retreat to specific spots, like a closet or wardrobe, but prolonged hiding could be a sign of depression.

• When depressed, a cat may seek out harder-to-find hiding spots. Instead of just hiding under the couch, they might dig into corners of the room to stay hidden.
• As mentioned earlier, only you can determine what’s typical behavior for your cat. Some cats prefer hiding more than others, but if your cat, who usually spends the afternoon in the living room, suddenly disappears, it could be a sign of depression.

Observe the litter box. This item can often reveal signs of stress, a symptom of depression in cats.

• Understand the difference between marking territory with urine and urinating. Urine marking is a form of territorial behavior and usually isn’t a symptom of depression. The urine often appears on upright objects, has a strong odor, and is usually seen in male cats. If your cat is marking its territory, it might be feeling its territory is threatened, but this is not typically due to depression. However, stress or tension with other pets can lead to anxiety, which might trigger depression. Addressing any territorial disputes should be your first step before mental health concerns arise.
• If you notice urine or feces scattered around the house, this could be a sign of depression. Cats may urinate outside the litter box due to disliking the size, shape, or type of litter or because the box is dirty. If the litter box is clean and unchanged recently, then inappropriate urination might be linked to depression.

Give your cat the attention it needs. Depression in cats often stems from neglect. It's important to meet your cat's need for affection so that they stay happy and secure.

• Cats are social but independent animals. They tend to show when they need attention, so allow them to approach you. If your cat approaches and greets you by rubbing against your legs or sniffing you, it's a sign that they crave your attention. You may not always be able to fulfill their needs, but offering some affection will reassure them of your love.
• Cats also need mental stimulation, so it's important to play with them for about 15 to 20 minutes each day. Toys like string or plush toys shaped like animals are great choices. However, avoid rough play, as this can make them anxious and lead to aggressive behavior.

Provide entertainment for your cat while you're away. If your busy schedule has caused your cat to feel down, it's a good idea to set up some fun activities for them while you're out.

• Open the curtains during the day, especially if you live in a suburban area. Place a table, shelf, or perch near the window so your cat can climb up and enjoy the view. They love observing the outdoors, and the sunlight and playful moments will keep them entertained while you're gone.
• Some companies sell DVDs and electronic content designed to engage cats. Films featuring birds, mice, or other cats can keep them occupied. Just be careful, as curious cats might try to jump up and knock over the TV, so make sure it's secured.
• There are toys made specifically for cats to enjoy when you're not around, such as catnip mice or bird-shaped toys. Additionally, puzzle toys that dispense food or treats can attract their attention. However, be cautious and choose toys that are safe for unsupervised play, as some may not be suitable for when you're away.

Use light therapy. If your cat suffers from seasonal depression, light therapy can help relieve their winter blues.

• Purchase UV light bulbs and use them for a few hours each day when your cat is inside. These types of bulbs are typically found in garden stores, as they are commonly used for indoor plants.
• Sol Box is a UV light brand recommended by veterinarians, designed specifically for cats. You can find it online from Pawsitive Lighting. This bulb emits white light, and the manufacturer suggests exposing your cat to it for 30 minutes each day during the winter months.

Try using synthetic pheromones. Your vet may suggest using synthetic pheromones to help relax and uplift your cat.

• Feliway spray is one of the most popular synthetic pheromones available, sold at veterinary clinics. Always follow the instructions for use, and contact your vet if you have any questions or concerns about the product.

Consider medication. Medication is usually a last resort for treating depression in cats, as it comes with some side effects and challenges in administration.

• There are four main types of medications used for treating depression and other behavioral issues in cats: benzodiazepines (BZ), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Typically, a vet will prescribe SSRI or MAOI when a cat is diagnosed with depression.
• Each medication has different side effects, some of which can be severe. For instance, MAOIs can cause dangerous reactions if the cat accidentally eats cheese while on the medication. It's essential to be fully aware of the potential side effects before giving your cat any medication. Consult your vet about possible side effects that require immediate medical attention.
• Cats often don't like taking medicine. Most vets only prescribe it when other treatments have not been effective. If your vet prescribes medication, make sure you understand how to administer it, the correct dosage, and how to store it properly. If you're unclear about anything or have concerns, reach out to your vet for further guidance.