How to raise sodium levels in the blood

Sodium is an essential electrolyte in the body. It plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure and is vital for muscle function and nerve cell activity. Hyponatremia, which refers to low sodium levels, describes a condition where the sodium concentration in the blood falls below 135 mmol/L on a basic metabolic panel. Common causes for low sodium include burns, diarrhea, excessive sweating, vomiting, and the use of certain medications that increase urine output, such as diuretics. If left untreated, low sodium can lead to muscle weakness, headaches, hallucinations, and even death. Seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of hyponatremia, or go to the emergency room if severe symptoms occur. A simple change in medication or addressing an underlying issue could help increase your sodium levels.

Be aware of symptoms if you have conditions that could increase your risk. The risk of hyponatremia is heightened if you have an existing condition. This means you must be extra cautious and vigilant for symptoms. Some conditions that may raise the risk of low sodium levels include:

• Kidney disease, heart disease, or cirrhosis
• Older age, such as being over 65
• Engaging in intense physical activities, such as triathlons, marathons, and ultramarathons
• Taking certain medications, such as antidepressants, diuretics (blood pressure medications), and some pain relievers

Call your doctor if you experience symptoms of hyponatremia. Mild to moderate cases of hyponatremia typically don't require emergency care but should be monitored closely if you're at high risk of low sodium levels. However, be aware that the symptoms of hyponatremia may overlap with those of other conditions. Contact your doctor if you notice the following signs:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Cramps
• Fatigue

Seek emergency care if you experience severe hyponatremia symptoms. A significant drop in sodium levels can be life-threatening, particularly when severe. This condition can even be fatal without proper treatment. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Confusion
• Seizures
• Unconsciousness

Get a sodium blood test if you suspect you have low sodium levels. If you experience symptoms of hyponatremia or suspect you have low sodium levels, consult your doctor. The only way to confirm sodium levels is through a blood test or a urine test.

• Hyponatremia can be a serious condition, so treatment should begin promptly if you have concerns.

Discontinue medications if your doctor advises. Several medications can cause hyponatremia, and the issue may be resolved by stopping the use of these drugs. Inform your doctor about any medications you're currently taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, or illicit drugs. Some common medications that can cause low sodium include:

• Thiazide diuretics
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Anticonvulsant carbamazepine (Tegretol)
• Antipsychotic chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
• Diuretic indapamide (Natrilex)
• Bronchodilator theophylline
• Antiarrhythmic amiodarone (Cordarone)
• Ecstasy (MDMA)

Treat underlying conditions that could lead to hyponatremia. If your hyponatremia is caused by another medical condition, you will need to treat that condition. Addressing the root causes can help resolve the hyponatremia. However, if the condition is incurable, medications may be required. Conditions that can cause hyponatremia include:

• Kidney disease
• Heart disease
• Cirrhosis
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
• Severe burns
• Gastrointestinal diseases causing diarrhea and vomiting

Ask your doctor about medications for treating hyponatremia. If your sodium levels don't improve after other treatments or if no alternative treatments are available, your doctor may prescribe medication to help increase sodium in your blood. Always follow your doctor's instructions and never exceed the recommended dose.

• Tolvaptan (Samsca) is a commonly prescribed medication for hyponatremia. You should inform your doctor about all medications you're taking and follow their guidance. If using Tolvaptan, consult a nephrologist to ensure sodium levels do not rise excessively.

Administer intravenous fluids in cases of severe hyponatremia. An isotonic saline solution may be required for patients in shock due to sodium depletion from hyponatremia. This is a case of acute or severe hyponatremia. Emergency fluid therapy can help restore balance, but hospitalization is typically needed for further treatment.

• Sepsis or blood infections can cause significant drops in sodium levels.

Limit your water intake to 1-1.5 liters per day if advised by your doctor. Drinking too much water can dilute the sodium in your blood, leading to lower sodium levels. Reducing your fluid intake can help increase sodium levels, but consult your doctor before making any changes.

• Water restriction is generally advised if you're diagnosed with hyponatremia caused by SIADH.
• Thirst and urine color are good indicators of hydration. If your urine is light yellow and you're not thirsty, you're properly hydrated.

Drink sports drinks if you're engaging in intense physical activity. If you are an athlete or often participate in activities that cause heavy sweating, sports drinks can help maintain proper sodium levels. They also replenish the sodium electrolytes lost during physical exertion. You can consume sports drinks before, during, or after your workout.

• Sports drinks contain essential electrolytes for your body, such as sodium and potassium.

Avoid diuretics unless prescribed by your doctor. Unless you have a medical condition that requires a diuretic prescribed by your doctor, you should not take these medications. Diuretics promote urine production, helping to prevent fluid retention in the body. However, they can also lead to dehydration.

• Thiazide diuretics are known to cause hyponatremia.