How to study computer science

In today's world, using computers is a highly valuable skill in many aspects of life, from work and education to social activities. Computer science takes this skill to a whole new level, teaching you not only how to use computers but also how they work and how to make them perform new tasks efficiently. More and more people are studying computer science, and with the knowledge they gain, they are achieving success in fields like business, healthcare, engineering, and more. If you're interested in learning computer science as a hobby or career, here are some ways to get started.

Find free online courses. If you can't or don't want to attend a formal computer science program at a college or university, you'll be pleasantly surprised by the many free online courses available to you.

• For example, you can sign up for computer science-related courses on Coursera.
• You should also check out the OpenCourseWare provided by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It's a treasure trove of information for those who want access to academic-level computer science materials without paying tuition fees.

Select a topic to research. Based on your current knowledge, choose a subject that interests you and explore it online or at the library.

• If you're just starting out, consider reading books, magazines, or websites on topics like computer hardware, the internet, and basic programming.
• As you delve into these foundational subjects, you will discover areas that captivate you, becoming the focus for deeper exploration. Some advanced topics include security, encryption technology, Turing machines and the Halting Problem, set theory, operating systems, hardware architecture, visual communication and concurrency, computer networks and network protocols, databases, and information models.
• You can also search online for a comprehensive list of recommended topics from Professor Matthew Might, a computer science professor at the University of Utah.

Try programming. Basic programming is simple to learn and serves as a gateway to further knowledge in computer science. Plus, programming experience will enhance your resume, even if you’re not aiming for a programming career.

• There are many different "programming languages"—systems that use unique code. If you're unsure where to begin, Python is an excellent language for beginners. It’s intuitive and easy to learn. You might also consider C or Java.
• If you've previously learned imperative programming languages, try exploring functional languages like Haskell. These are more advanced languages.
• No matter which approach you choose, you can find helpful articles and tutorial videos online. Simply search for the programming method and the phrase "beginner’s guide" (e.g., "Java beginner’s guide").

Prepare from high school. If you recognize a passion for computer science early, focusing on subjects that will benefit you throughout college and your future career will be very helpful.

• Concentrate on subjects like math, computer science, and science.
• You may already be focused on these subjects, but if not, ask yourself whether computer science is the right fit for you. Computer scientists need a strong aptitude for science, math, information, problem-solving, and logical thinking.
• Maintain good grades and standardized test scores to increase your chances of being admitted to top-tier programs in the field.

Submit an application for a computer science academic program. This is the best way to start studying computer science seriously, equipping yourself with the knowledge and skills necessary for a career in the field. You'll have access to the best resources and experienced faculty.

• If you already know the specific area you want to study, look for schools that offer highly ranked programs. Alternatively, search for universities with strong IT departments, supported by a team of professors to guide your specialization choice.

Gain relevant work experience. Having experience in applying basic computer science concepts can deepen your understanding of the field while strengthening your resume, helping you land a great job after graduation.

• Consider seeking part-time jobs, summer internships, or work-study positions related to computers, engineering, mathematics, or other technical fields. While you might not be doing actual computer programming at first, simply working alongside computer scientists provides valuable opportunities to network, ask questions, and learn. Roles such as lab assistant or library assistant are good starting points.
• Look for internship opportunities that offer hands-on experience in computer science, such as at a software development company or within an IT support department at a large corporation or university.

Attend classes and earn a degree. Most computer scientists hold at least a bachelor's degree. However, some fields may accept candidates with only an associate’s degree, which typically involves two years of training, compared to the four years required for a bachelor’s degree.

• Your curriculum will focus on mathematics, science, and technology, but you should also enroll in English (or another official language of the country you're studying in and plan to work in), composition, and humanities courses.

Plan your career in computer science. There are many career paths available with a computer science degree, including system analysis, data management, hardware engineering, data science, and support technician roles.

• Check online career advice websites, job boards, or specific company websites. Many companies post computer science job openings under the "Support" or "IT" (Information Technology) sections. Look for entry-level positions that seem appealing to you!
• You can also ask professors or career advisors to suggest jobs or help you find positions that are hiring.

Keep learning. Even after securing a position in the field, remember that computers and technology continue to evolve. To stay competitive and ensure job security, your skills must evolve too.

• Many large tech companies offer courses, workshops, or specialized conferences. You might also consider enrolling in evening classes at your local university or asking your employer for financial support for remote courses.
• Subscribing to tech blogs, magazines, or online forums is a great idea to stay updated on changes in networking protocols and programming languages.

Decide whether a higher degree is necessary. Pursuing an advanced degree, such as a Master's or Ph.D., is a time-consuming and costly decision. Therefore, before committing to further studies, make sure it's the right choice for you.

• On the whole, computer science is one of the most successful fields, with a consistent demand for highly qualified professionals. If you're aiming for a higher-paying job and are willing to relocate (especially to a larger city), this could be a beneficial path.
• However, if you're happy with your current job and have no interest in pursuing another position, forgoing further degrees might be a wise choice. If you only need to learn a new programming language or refine your skills, your current company might offer financial support for workshops or other learning opportunities without the need for additional degrees.

Complete your undergraduate degree. Before entering a Master's or Ph.D. program, you'll need to have an undergraduate degree. Ideally, this degree will be in a field related to computer science, mathematics, or another closely related field.

• However, if you have a strong GPA and standardized test scores, you may still be accepted into a graduate program even without a computer science degree, particularly if you can demonstrate long-standing interest and aptitude in technology.

Take appropriate standardized tests. Most graduate schools in the U.S. require the GRE (Graduate Record Examination), which assesses analytical writing, quantitative reasoning, and reading comprehension/language skills.

• For a specialized degree in computer science, strong quantitative skills are essential, so you should aim for a high score in that section. While other sections are important, they tend to be slightly less critical than the quantitative score.
• For instance, the University of Chicago's Master's program in Computer Science typically admits students with GRE scores that rank in the upper 50th percentile for the verbal section and 20th percentile for the quantitative section.
• If you're applying to a U.S. school, you may also need to take the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). Be sure to check the specific program's requirements.

Submit your graduate program applications. Be aware that you might not be accepted to your first choice, so it's generally advisable to have backup plans or apply to multiple schools.

• Your application typically includes a personal statement, resume, letter of recommendation, and undergraduate transcripts.
• If you plan to begin your graduate program immediately after graduation, ensure that you have time to complete your standardized tests and submit applications. Most application cycles begin in the fall, before the academic year starts, meaning you'll have a full year to prepare. Most programs also require GRE scores for applications, so plan to take the test at least a year before you start graduate school.