10 Foods That Naturally Contain Antibiotics

Is there anything in life that isn't a double-edged sword? Take antibiotics, for instance. They've transformed once-fatal diseases into manageable conditions, but overuse of this seemingly helpful substance can have negative consequences. You’re probably aware that antibiotics should only be used when absolutely necessary, as bacteria in your body can develop resistance, leaving you susceptible to future, untreatable infections [source: MedlinePlus].

Even if you strictly follow prescription instructions, it's likely that you and your family are unknowingly exposed to both antibiotics and resistant bacteria through the food supply. "If we are exposing ourselves to incomplete courses of indiscriminate doses of antibiotics through our diet, we are going to face some level of antibiotic resistance," says Dr. David L. Katz, MD, MPH, director of the Yale University Prevention Research Center.

Interestingly, while some foods are deliberately treated with antibiotics, others naturally contain them. Keep reading to discover which foods belong to each category.

10: Meat From Animals Raised for Food

It's true that cows and chickens occasionally fall ill and require antibiotics to recover. The issue, however, arises when healthy animals are regularly treated with antibiotics, which is problematic. In both the U.S. and Canada, antibiotics are often administered to animals to boost weight gain, although many other countries have long banned this practice [sources: PBS, Charles]. Both nations are in the process of phasing out some antibiotics, but achieving this goal will likely take several years [sources: Munro, FDA].

Why is the use of antibiotics such a concern? Just like humans, animals can develop antibiotic-resistant bacteria when overexposed to medications. These resistant bacteria can then make their way into the food products these animals produce, such as steak, ground beef, and chicken breasts. These so-called superbugs can pose a serious health risk to those who consume them. Since they are resistant to antibiotics, these infections can be extremely difficult to treat [source: CDC]. It's a dangerous cycle, isn't it?

Luckily, there are ways to minimize this risk. Always handle raw meat with care and cook it thoroughly to kill harmful bacteria. For extra protection, look for the USDA Organic/Certified Organic label or a Food Alliance certified label to ensure your meat doesn’t come with a dose of antibiotics [source: Eating Well].

9: Blueberries

Pesticides are often seen as a necessary evil, as they protect crops from being devastated by pests. Antibiotics are a major ingredient in many pesticides, and there have been at least one severe allergic reaction linked to them, with many other lesser reactions likely going unnoticed. Pesticide-treated blueberries were identified in this case, but practically any fruit or vegetable exposed to similar pesticide treatments could pose a threat [source: MedlinePlus]. As a precaution, individuals with known allergies should always carry an epinephrine pen in case of accidental exposure. Better safe than sorry!

8: Milk

Sigh. Is nothing sacred anymore? Milk has been under fire lately due to some undesirable substances, with antibiotics being a major concern. To be fair, only a small portion of milk shipments test positive for illegal antibiotic levels. Unfortunately, rapid tests typically only screen for a small number of drugs in milk, while testing at slaughterhouses has revealed high concentrations of other drugs commonly used in dairy cows [source: Neuman]. Research has confirmed the presence of drugs in milk, with one study identifying at least 20 pharmacologically active substances, including antibacterials.

Many milk lovers are so determined to avoid the meds, hormones, and other chemicals often found in regular milk that they go to great lengths to buy raw (unpasteurized) milk directly from dairy farmers. However, CDC advises against this practice, as raw milk is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness due to the bacteria it can contain. "While it is possible to drink raw milk, regularly doing so increases the risk of infection, not from antibiotics, but from the bacteria itself," says Dr. Katz. He explains that milk is an excellent breeding ground for bacteria, which is why pasteurization was introduced in the first place.

So, what are we supposed to enjoy with our cookies? Often, local dairies offer pasteurized milk with a strict no-antibiotic policy, or you can opt for a commercial brand that proudly displays a "no antibiotics" label.

7: Honey

Apparently, even honeybees can catch colds. Beekeepers frequently use antibiotics to manage infections and promote growth in their hives. As if we need bees the size of cows buzzing around! Seriously though, antibiotic regulations in honey are not as stringent as those for other food products, which is troubling, especially since honey has been used for medicinal purposes, such as treating seasonal allergies and stomach ulcers. The contamination of honey with pesticides, heavy metals, and even radioactive substances is also a major concern for honey enthusiasts [source: Al-Wali et al.].

In a curious twist, honey is also a powerful natural antibiotic, thanks to a special protein that bees add to it called defensin-1. This protein is so potent that it is being studied for its potential to treat burns and skin infections, as well as combat the effects of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) [sources: Kwakman et al., Science Daily].

6: Garlic

Garlic, with its potent aroma and undeniable flavor, has long been celebrated for its natural ability to fight bacteria. During World War II, it was even called "Russian penicillin" because doctors turned to garlic as an alternative when prescription antibiotics were unavailable [source: NYU Langone Medical Center].

Garlic also has a remarkable ability to know when enough is enough. Research has demonstrated that this herb is skilled at controlling the levels of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the digestive system without completely eliminating it. Excess H. pylori can cause stomach ulcers, while too little can lead to other gut imbalances. Stomach cancer is among the two leading cancers worldwide, and studies have found that people who regularly consume Allium vegetables (like onions, scallions, and especially garlic) tend to have a lower incidence of stomach cancer [source: Sivam et al.]. Though still under investigation, there is evidence that fresh garlic is powerful enough to combat harmful bacteria such as MRSA, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis [source: MedlinePlus].

5: Mushrooms

It might sound strange to rely on fungi to fight bacteria, but it turns out that mushrooms and their moldy relatives have a long history of antimicrobial power. Many well-known antibiotics, like penicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin, are actually derived from fungi. "In general, when we get actual antibiotics, we are getting them from molds and fungi," explains Dr. Katz. "Mushrooms produce compounds that can kill bacteria."

Modern research has validated the bacteria-fighting powers of mushrooms, so consider adding them to your next salad or sandwich for a nutritious boost. However, not all mushrooms are created equal in terms of medicinal benefits, so choose wisely for the best results. For instance, the shitake variety is known for its abilities to fight cancer, bacteria, and viruses, and also helps regulate cholesterol. Similarly, Reishi mushrooms are celebrated for their effects on blood pressure and inflammation. To maximize benefits, opt for organic varieties and select mushrooms that grow on trees [sources: Williams, Mercola].

4: Cabbage

Red cabbage, known for its strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, is now also being recognized for its antibacterial effects. In fact, recent studies have shown that red cabbage is surprisingly effective in fighting even antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli [source: Hafidh, et al.].

Cabbage juice is a popular remedy among doctors and patients combating ulcers, thanks to its high lactic acid content, which promotes the balance of healthy bacteria while attacking the harmful bacteria responsible for ulcers. But cabbage's healing properties don't end there. Cabbage leaves have been used for centuries to treat mastitis (breast infection) in nursing mothers. The remedy involves applying the leaves directly to the affected area to help fight the infection [source: Banzer]. It may have a slight odor, but it works wonders!

3: Onion

Whether cooked or raw, onions are a staple in many dishes, thanks to their strong antibiotic properties. This makes me even more inclined to add them to my meals during cold and flu season! Closely related to garlic, onions are rich in sulfur compounds known for their ability to fight infections, including resistant bacteria [source: Quigley].

Studies have even investigated the effectiveness of onions against oral bacteria, and found them to be quite effective at managing bacteria linked to periodontal disease [source: Kim]. So, toss some raw onion onto your sandwiches and chew thoroughly. Your future self and dentist will thank you!

2: Butter

The butter industry has been all over the place, shifting back and forth between butter and margarine depending on various studies and medical assessments regarding their risks. While butter does offer some nutritional benefits, like containing a compound that may help prevent tumor growth and cancer, many brands are now being criticized for including antibiotics. This is because butter is made from milk produced by dairy cows, which, as we saw earlier, are often treated with antibiotics [source: Hari].

Thankfully, your pancakes and muffins don’t have to miss out. Just grab organic grass-fed butter, or non-organic grass-fed butter, next time you’re shopping. After all, hauling great-grandma’s butter churn out of the attic seems like a bit much!

1: Spices and Herbs

A sprinkle of spices can do more than just enhance the flavor of your dishes. They have the power to slow down microbial growth. Researchers from Cornell University found that allspice and oregano (along with onions and garlic) completely wiped out 100 percent of bacteria they were exposed to, while thyme, cinnamon, cumin, and tarragon eliminated 80 percent of bacteria [source: Cornell Chronicle].

Turmeric, a fundamental ingredient in curry, is revered as a spice legend for its robust flavor and potent antibacterial properties [source: Turmeric for Health]. Its power comes from the key compound, curcumin, which studies have shown to support every phase of wound healing. And if that's not enough, curcumin is also recognized for its anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, among many others [source: Akbik et al.]. Quite remarkable for a humble yellow powder!