Buzz
The SUSTAIN facility at the University of Miami. Image Credit: Gort Photography
Precise hurricane predictions are crucial for alerting residents in a storm's trajectory. Underestimating a hurricane's intensity can lead to inadequate preparation, while exaggerated forecasts might cause people to ignore evacuation orders during future storms.
Hurricanes not only endanger lives but also rank among the costliest natural disasters in the U.S., devastating homes, businesses, and infrastructure. A 2011 study estimated the median damage cost of a single hurricane at $1.8 billion, with some, like Hurricane Katrina, far exceeding this amount.
To understand the mechanics of hurricanes and their effects on impacted areas, scientists rely on computer simulations, models, and artificial storm creation. As hurricane season begins on June 1, here are several methods researchers use to simulate these powerful storms.
1. SUSTAIN
Jump to 2:22 to view SUSTAIN in action.
The University of Miami in Florida recently unveiled the world's largest hurricane simulator. Measuring 20 feet wide and 75 feet long, the SUrge-STructure-Atmosphere INteraction facility contains 38,000 gallons of seawater and can generate winds exceeding 155 mph. Using paddles and massive fans, scientists simulate hurricane-force winds, waves, and storm surges on coastal landscapes, analyzing the effects of landfalling storms. Current research at the facility includes studies on how hurricanes disperse oil spills and their impact on fishing nets. This work aims to enhance storm surge prediction models.
2. Harvard Forest Hurricane Manipulation Experiment
The devastation caused by a 1938 hurricane in New England. Image Credit: Harvard University
In 1990, Harvard Forest, a 3,500-acre ecological research site, initiated a study to examine the effects of rare but devastating hurricanes that strike New England every 50 to 200 years. These storms devastate forests, altering ecosystems for centuries. To mimic the damage caused by a 1938 hurricane, researchers used a mechanical winch to topple trees in a two-acre section, basing their actions on historical data. For over two decades, scientists have monitored how the ecosystem recovers and adapts to such destruction.
3. A Mobile Hurricane Simulator
Skip to 3:05 to watch the portable hurricane simulator in action.
In spring 2007, the University of Florida developed the world's largest portable hurricane simulator. An assistant professor in civil and coastal engineering designed a truck-sized fan system capable of replicating Category 3 hurricane winds and heavy rainfall on residential structures. Equipped with eight five-foot fans and a 5,000-gallon water tank, it delivered 35 inches of rain per hour and winds up to 130 mph. Now-associate professor Forrest Masters and his undergraduate team built this mobile hurricane simulator for just $500,000.
4. The Wall of Wind
Florida International University is home to the Wall of Wind, a hurricane simulator featuring 12 fans capable of replicating Category 5 storms. Initially developed in 2005 with a two-fan system producing 120 mph winds and horizontal rain, the upgraded version now generates winds up to 140 mph. This advancement enables researchers to develop strategies for constructing more durable and storm-resistant buildings.
