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Dealing with dry, peeling skin on your face can be both bothersome and uncomfortable.
©ThinkstockWhen you think of the discomfort and unsightly appearance of peeling skin, it’s often from too much sun exposure. However, sunburn is not the sole cause of facial peeling. According to Dr. Jody Levine, M.D., assistant clinical instructor of dermatology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City, "It can be caused by several factors, from skin damage to inflammatory responses." Read on to discover the most frequent causes of peeling skin so you can address it and prevent future flakes.
1. Skin Burns
The primary cause of facial peeling is sunburn. As Dr. Joshua Zeichner, M.D., director of cosmetic and clinical research at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City, explains, "Ultraviolet rays from the sun actually destroy skin cells." When this happens, the dead cells shed off, resulting in peeling, allowing fresh skin cells to take their place. To prevent sunburn, apply sunscreen daily with at least SPF 30, which blocks 97 percent of UVB rays that cause sunburn and redness.
Peeling can also be caused by chemical peels, where a dermatologist uses chemicals to remove layers of skin. According to Dr. Levine, "The damaged skin will peel and flake, and in more extreme cases, it may blister before peeling." The end result is typically smoother, more radiant skin. Consult with your doctor to see if this procedure is suitable for you.
2. Medications
Some medications, like retinoid treatments for acne and wrinkles, can lead to peeling skin. Dr. Levine notes, "You may see flaking around the nose and mouth." If this occurs, speak with your doctor about adjusting your treatment schedule to every other day or every two days, giving your skin time to adjust. When using retinoid creams or gels, avoid applying them to sensitive areas like the nose and eyes.
Other topical treatments, such as benzoyl peroxide (for acne), sulfa drugs (a type of antibiotic), and salicylic acid, may cause dryness and peeling, especially for sensitive skin, explains Dr. Levine. If your skin is easily irritated, opt for gentle cleansers and lightweight, oil-free moisturizers instead of products containing these ingredients.
3. Dry Skin
When skin becomes dry, the skin cells don't adhere smoothly, leading to flaking or peeling, according to Dr. Zeichner. While cold weather is often the main culprit behind dry skin, other factors can contribute to a flaky, peeling complexion. Dr. Levine adds, "Living in a low-humidity area or using harsh soaps can also strip moisture from your skin, causing dryness."
To prevent dry, peeling skin, it's crucial to keep your face well-hydrated. Choose moisturizers that are suited to your skin type—whether oily, dry, normal, or combination. Dr. Levine also stresses the importance of using gentle cleansers that won't strip away your skin’s natural oils, which help maintain moisture levels and reduce peeling and flaking. Additionally, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water supports skin hydration.
4. Skin Conditions
Skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis and eczema can lead to facial peeling, says Dr. Levine. Both are chronic inflammatory conditions with no known cure. However, with proper moisturization, the symptoms can be managed. Dr. Levine advises, "Keeping your face hydrated can help reduce peeling and flaking."
Avoid using hot water to wash your face, as it can irritate the skin. Opt for lukewarm water and a mild cleanser free from fragrances and harsh chemicals to help preserve your skin’s natural moisture barrier. After cleansing, gently pat your face dry with a towel (avoid rubbing vigorously) and follow up with a moisturizer suited to your skin type.
5. Allergies
According to Dr. Levine, facial peeling can also be triggered by an allergic reaction to certain ingredients in cosmetics, skincare products, hair products, or even nail polish. For instance, an allergic reaction to nail polish can cause peeling skin around the eyes. While many ingredients could be culprits, preservatives like parabens are common offenders, explains Dr. Levine.
Allergic reactions are often accompanied by symptoms such as redness and itching. To pinpoint the exact ingredient causing the issue, it's important to consult with a board-certified dermatologist or allergist who can conduct proper tests. Dr. Levine advises, "If it’s determined that your peeling is due to an allergic reaction, you’ll need to carefully read ingredient labels to avoid exposure to these irritants."
