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Recently, Zoo Atlanta shared exciting news on their Facebook page about the arrival of a newborn Eastern Bongo. While this is undoubtedly adorable, you might wonder, ‘what exactly is an Eastern Bongo?’ To uncover more, mental_floss spoke with Tammy Schmidt, the assistant curator of mammals at Zoo Atlanta, who provided fascinating details about these unique animals.
1. Bongos are divided into two distinct subspecies.
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Bongos are categorized into two varieties: the western or lowland bongo (T. eurycerus) and the eastern or mountain bongo (T. eurycerus isaaci). Eastern bongos inhabit the high-altitude regions of Africa, including Mount Kenya and the Aberdares, whereas western bongos are found across a broader expanse, spanning central and western Africa. According to Schmidt, while the two subspecies may appear similar at first glance, closer inspection reveals subtle anatomical differences. Eastern males, for instance, weigh approximately 100 pounds more than their western relatives and boast slightly more vibrant coats.
2. The eastern bongo is an endangered species.
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While western bongos are classified as "near threatened," their eastern counterparts face a critical threat of extinction. Mountain bongos, confined to isolated mountainous regions, are experiencing a sharp decline in population. Today, fewer than 200 individuals remain in the wild, with a larger number surviving in captivity.
Sadly, the eastern bongo is being driven toward extinction due to predation and the expansion of human populations. “Africa is developing rapidly, much like the United States and Europe, with the construction of roads, residential areas, and agricultural lands,” Schmidt explains. Deforestation, pollution, and hunting for their meat further exacerbate the challenges faced by these majestic animals.
To safeguard these at-risk animals, protective shelters have been established across Kenya. Institutions like Zoo Atlanta are contributing by engaging in specialized breeding initiatives.
3. They hold the title of Africa's largest forest-dwelling antelope.
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Bongos are impressively large creatures, with weights ranging from 500 to 900 pounds and horns that can extend up to 40 inches in length.
Despite their imposing stature, bongos are surprisingly timid. They are crepuscular by nature, meaning they are most active during twilight and early morning hours. This behavior helps them avoid predators under the cover of darkness.
“Despite their striking red coats, which might seem conspicuous, the combination of forest shadows and their striped patterns allows them to blend more effectively into their surroundings,” Schmidt explains.
4. Eastern bongos thrive in social groups.
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These animals rely on group living for protection, as they are non-territorial and typically form herds ranging from two to fifty individuals. “Fifty is an optimistic estimate, especially given that fewer than 200 remain in the wild. Herds today are likely much smaller than they were in the past,” Schmidt observes.
A typical bongo herd consists of females, young bongos, and a dominant male. While relatives of the alpha male, such as brothers and uncles, may also join the group, they often leave to establish their own herds.
“Usually, a single dominant male oversees the group and mates with the leading females. However, the herds include individuals of all ages and both genders,” Schmidt explains.
5. Their unique physical traits support their survival.
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While both male and female bongos possess horns, these are not primarily used for combat. Instead, the distinctive horns help clear obstacles as the animals move swiftly through dense vegetation.
“Their horns are slightly twisted and curve backward, which sets them apart from species like elk or white-tailed deer, whose horns are more upright and suited for combat. In bongos, the horns appear less suited for fighting and are rarely used in battles, except when males compete over territory or to protect females and their young,” Schmidt notes.
Beyond their unique horns, bongos are adorned with striking reddish-brown coats. Their fur pigment easily transfers to trees and foliage as they move, leaving a distinct mark. This natural trait acts as a signal for other bongos, helping wandering males or lost juveniles locate the herd. However, this same trail can also attract predators.
