A Complete Guide to Growing and Caring for Agave Plants

Agave plants are closely linked to desert landscapes, often seen as symbols of Mexico's arid regions alongside cacti. Their distinct rosette structure and sharp leaves are key traits that enable them to thrive in tough desert climates and defend themselves from animals.

Certain agave species are key ingredients in the making of tequila and mezcal, while others are used to produce agave syrup. Aside from their culinary uses, agave plants are popular in landscaping, particularly in the Southwest, where the environment is perfect for them. If you’re keen to cultivate your own agave plants, there are a few important things to consider to ensure they flourish in your garden. To help, we’ve gathered expert advice on the best ways to grow and care for these resilient plants.

What Does an Agave Plant Look Like?

Agave plants are distinctive rosette-shaped succulents with thick, sharp leaves, often featuring spiked edges. (Note: agaves are not cacti, although both are types of succulents.) There are more than 200 species of agave, with some of the most popular being Agave americana, Agave parryi, and Agave azul. Agaves can vary in size, usually around five feet or smaller, and some species are suitable as houseplants. These plants can flower (producing a tall bloom spike), but only once in their entire life—after blooming, the agave will die. Flowering can take as long as 30 years!

Growing Conditions and Care Tips

Light

Given that agave plants naturally thrive in sunny environments, it’s crucial to provide them with plenty of sunlight in your garden. According to Lindsay Miller, a horticultural writer at The Gardener’s Supply Company, “They need loads of bright light, ideally at least 6 hours a day.”

Water

Agaves are incredibly drought-resistant and don’t require frequent watering. “They don’t like soggy soil. Only water your agave when the soil has completely dried out, which you can check by feeling the moisture level. If the soil is dry, and the plant starts to wrinkle or shrivel, it’s a sign they’re thirsty,” explains Paris Lalicata from The Sill.

As a general watering guide, water your agave every two weeks during the summer, and reduce it to every 3 to 4 weeks during winter when the plant’s growth slows down.

Temperature and Humidity

Agaves prefer warm environments and will flourish in temperatures around 90 degrees Fahrenheit. However, they can tolerate cooler temperatures of about 60 degrees Fahrenheit, as long as the transition isn’t abrupt. If you’re growing agaves in pots, be sure to bring them indoors during frosty weather to keep them safe!

Soil

Agaves thrive in rocky or sandy soil. “Being a desert native, agave plants require well-draining, gritty soil,” explains Miller. For container gardening, you can use a potting mix designed for succulents or cacti (or simply add sand to standard potting soil). “If planting directly in the ground, opt for loamy, sandy soil,” advises Lalicata.

Pruning and Maintenance

Lalicata mentions that pruning isn’t usually necessary for agaves unless you’re removing dead plant material or propagating a “pup.” Miller notes that you can trim away any discolored or spent leaves if you prefer a tidier appearance. “Just be sure to use a sharp, clean knife or pruners, and avoid removing too many leaves at once—this can stress the plant,” she recommends.

Tips for Growing an Agave Plant Indoors

While agave plants are commonly found in front yards (or in the desert!), they can also thrive indoors. Lalicata says, “Agaves are stunning succulents that do well indoors when given the right environment and care. I’ve been growing one inside for 5 years now, and it’s thriving.” Miller agrees and describes them as relatively low-maintenance houseplants, requiring just lots of sunlight—at least 6 hours a day.

Lalicata suggests placing your agave directly in front of a south-facing window, though a bright, unobstructed west-facing window can also work. “These orientations offer the most direct sunlight for indoor succulents. If natural light isn’t sufficient, you’ll need a grow light,” she advises. Keep your agave away from drafty doors or windows, as they don’t tolerate sudden temperature drops. A room with a temperature of at least 65 degrees is ideal.

Tips for Planting Agave Plants Outdoors

If you reside in dry climates within USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 9 or higher, you’ll have the best success growing agaves outside. When transplanting agaves, choose the sunniest area of your garden and ensure the soil is well-draining, either gravelly loam or sandy. Although you can transplant an agave any time of year when the weather is warm, the ideal time frame is between March and May.

When transferring the plant to your garden, place it at the same depth as it was in its original location, maintaining the same directional orientation. The south-facing side of the plant, which is generally more heat- and sunlight-resistant, should continue to face south.

Common Pests and Diseases

“Most succulents are generally low-maintenance when it comes to pests and diseases,” says Lalicata. However, they may be vulnerable to mealybugs or scale insects. Fungal issues like root rot can occur if your agave is overwatered and left in soggy soil.

Are Agave Plants Toxic?

Surprisingly, although agaves are widely used in culinary applications, raw agave sap is considered toxic to both humans and pets. Keep your furry friends and little ones away from the leaves. Additionally, Miller warns that many agave plants have very sharp spines!