Bourbon vs. Whiskey: What Sets These Spirits Apart?

While many brown spirits may seem alike in both appearance and taste, not all whiskey is the same. Bourbon and whiskey share similarities, and to some, they may even be interchangeable. However, they are distinct in their own right. Understanding the difference between bourbon and whiskey can guide you in selecting the right bottle or sip for specific occasions, recipes, or gifts. Let the experts break down what truly makes bourbon different from whiskey.

What Is Whiskey?

Whiskey refers to a distilled spirit made from fermented cereal grains like barley, corn, rye, or wheat. It must be distilled at a proof lower than 190 and aged in oak casks, which gives it its signature brown color. "Whiskey is the broad category, encompassing a variety of styles and types," says Elizabeth McCall, Master Distiller at Woodford Reserve. "Factors like the whiskey’s origin, the grain used, aging time, and the types of barrels it’s finished in all impact the final product and its flavor profile."

For instance, rye whiskey is composed of at least 51% rye grain and is aged in fresh, charred oak barrels, imparting it with a bold, spicy flavor. Then there’s region-specific whiskey such as Tennessee whiskey, made from 51% corn, aged in charred oak barrels, and, of course, produced in Tennessee. Meanwhile, Irish whiskey (produced in Ireland!) uses a blend of malted and unmalted barley and must age for a minimum of three years in wooden barrels.

What Is Scotch Whiskey?

Scotch is a specific type of whiskey, and it must be produced in Scotland. Additionally, Scotch must be aged for at least three years. "There are different types of Scotch, but single-malt Scotch, made from 100% malted barley at a single distillery, is the most common," says McCall. "Typically, Scotch whisky has a more grain-forward flavor, as the distillate ages in used barrels." Though Scotch and other whiskies share the same origin, the spelling differs; Scotch is referred to as whisky, while Irish whiskey, like Jameson, includes the "e." Other whiskies may choose to include the "e" or not. "The flavor and texture of Scotch are influenced by the grain, the type of barrels used for aging, and the location of its production," explains McCall. "Some distilleries even add peat, which imparts a smoky flavor absent in bourbon." Scotch isn’t for the faint-hearted, though. If you’re new to brown spirits, Scotch might not be the easiest introduction. "Scotch has a malty flavor, and depending on its Scottish origin, it can be intensely smoky with minerality," says Sanchez.

What Is Bourbon?

Bourbon is a unique type of whiskey that originates in the United States. While all bourbon is whiskey, not all whiskey can be called bourbon. According to Gabe Sanchez, Cocktail Expert at Midnight Rambler at The Joule, what sets bourbon apart are the strict guidelines that govern its production. 'Bourbon has more clearly defined regulations than other whiskies,' explains McCall. These rules include a mash bill containing at least 51% corn, being distilled at no higher than 160 proof, aged in freshly charred oak barrels, and only water can be added. Finally, bourbon must be a product of the U.S.A., with Kentucky being a common, yet mistaken, assumption for its origin. Popular bourbons like Woodford Reserve are known for their sweet, spicy, fruity, floral, and grain flavors, with additional notes of wood. Other well-loved brands include Maker's Mark, Bulleit, and Knob Creek, each with distinct flavor profiles.

Bourbon's taste and texture can vary significantly depending on the brand, as each distillery has its own distinctive process for making the spirit, says McCall. Because bourbon must be aged in new charred oak barrels, it tends to have a prominent oak flavor and rich, sweet aromas. The dominant use of corn in the mash bill contributes to bourbon's signature sweetness and its full-bodied, smooth texture.

Can You Substitute Whiskey For Bourbon?

When it comes to cocktails or cooking, whiskey and bourbon can be used interchangeably in equal amounts, depending on your personal preference. The choice ultimately lies with you. As Sanchez puts it: 'Life is short, drink whatever you like.'

Certain cocktails can be made with either whiskey or bourbon, such as an old fashioned, Manhattan, or even a whiskey and coke, with rum as a potential substitute. While drinks like a whiskey sour or whiskey highball specifically call for whiskey, you may opt for bourbon if you prefer its distinct taste.

"It ultimately depends on your personal preference and the way you enjoy your drink," says McCall. "The whiskey world is so vast, offering something for every palate. Different types of whiskey bring out unique flavors in cocktails, depending on their profile."

Frequently Asked Questions

• Is whiskey or bourbon better?

  When it comes to whiskey or bourbon, the choice comes down to personal taste! Bourbon tends to be pricier due to its more specific production requirements, whereas whiskey is a broader category of various brown spirits with fewer mixing restrictions. 

• Is bourbon sweet?

  Bourbon is generally sweeter than other whiskies or Scotch. Its sweetness makes it a great choice for cocktails like a mint julep or old fashioned. However, bourbon's smooth, rich flavor also makes it enjoyable on its own, whether neat or over ice.

• What is straight bourbon whiskey?

  The term "straight" bourbon whiskey refers to specific aging and production requirements. It must be made with at least 51% corn and aged in new charred oak barrels for at least two years. Additionally, it must be distilled to no more than 160 proof, placed in the barrel at no more than 125 proof, and bottled at a minimum of 80 proof. Straight bourbon whiskey cannot contain any added flavors or colors either.