Fundamentals of Spray Tanning

Radiant and bronzed. Sun-kissed and toned. Glowing and golden. These phrases are everywhere. To achieve that enviable look, a sun-kissed tan seems essential.

But is it really? Can a tan truly be considered healthy?

Even with repeated warnings from skin experts and health organizations, pale skin is often seen as a style misstep. It often feels like a choice between two extremes: the dangers of tanning or the social stigma of having untanned, fair skin.

To learn more about tanning, check out Tanning: Fast Facts.

Some individuals chase the perfect tan all year long, while others embrace their natural paleness until a special event forces a change. Imagine wearing a stunning outfit to a wedding or dance, only for everyone to notice your fair complexion. When shopping for a swimsuit for a tropical getaway, do you want it to highlight pale winter skin or outdated tan lines from last summer?

For various reasons, many people desire a fast tan at least a few times annually. As awareness grows about the health risks linked to both natural sunlight and UV tanning beds, alternative methods have gained traction.

One of the most sought-after methods for achieving a quick tan today is through spray tanning.

But does it actually work, and is it safe? This article covers everything you need to know about spray tanning, whether done professionally or at home.

Before diving deeper, let’s explore why society is so fixated on achieving a bronzed complexion.

The History of Tanning: Going for the Gold

This wasn’t always the norm. For generations, tanned skin was seen as undesirable, particularly for women. A tan wasn’t associated with radiance but with a rugged, weathered appearance, signaling outdoor labor. Elegant women shielded themselves with hats, parasols, and long sleeves.

Coco Chanel is often credited—or blamed—for shifting this perception. Legend has it that in 1923, the French fashion designer accidentally got a deep tan while yachting to Cannes. Her sun-bronzed return from the Riviera ignited a trend, and soon after, an entire industry.

From celebrities to politicians, models to teenagers, and homemakers, everyone aspired to achieve a sun-kissed glow. The elite flocked to sunny destinations during winter or relied on sunlamps, while the average person spent hours basking in the sun to perfect their tan. Sunburns became a frequent consequence.

As the decades passed, dermatologists and cancer specialists in Western countries grew increasingly concerned about the rise in skin cancer cases. They cautioned that cumulative skin damage over time could lead to premature aging, dryness, and even cancer. By the 1970s, traditional tanning oils were replaced by sunscreens offering varying levels of UV protection. Tanning beds and booths emerged as alternatives for those seeking a tan without direct sun exposure.

However, it didn’t take long for medical experts to warn that the UV lamps used in tanning beds and booths were just as harmful, if not more so, than natural sunlight. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration highlights that tanning lamps may pose greater risks because they allow year-round use at consistent intensities and full-body exposure [source: U.S. FDA].

In a stark contrast to Chanel’s iconic tan, modern celebrities like the fair-skinned Nicole Kidman have become vocal advocates against tanning [source: Quenqua].

For those still craving a bronzed look, sunless tanning has become the go-to solution. Spray tanning, in particular, has gained popularity. In September 2009, financial analyst George Van Horn noted that spray tanning is the only growing segment in an otherwise shrinking tanning industry. Accounting for 11% of industry revenue last year, it’s projected to reach 17% by year-end [source: Conroy].

Curious about this miraculous spray? Keep reading to uncover the details.

Spray Tans: When Your Tan Comes Out of a Can

If you’ve ever noticed a sliced apple browning over time, you’ve witnessed the same process that spray-tanning products use on your skin.

Natural chemical reactions cause the apple to brown when exposed to air. Similarly, the chemical dihydroxyacetone, or DHA, reacts with your skin to create a tan. DHA is the primary component in sunless tanning sprays. The Skin Cancer Foundation advises against using any sunless tanning product that doesn’t list DHA as its active ingredient [source: Bank].

DHA is a plant-based, colorless sugar derived from sources like sugar beets. It has been used medically for over 50 years to address skin-pigmentation issues and has been approved by the U.S. FDA for cosmetic use for decades. Coppertone first incorporated DHA into a tanning product in the 1960s, though early versions often resulted in an orange hue. Modern DHA products have improved significantly due to advancements in the refining process.

DHA interacts enzymatically with amino acids in the skin's outer layer, or epidermis (stratum corneum), causing dead skin cells to darken temporarily. In contrast, sunlight and UV lamps used in tanning beds penetrate deeper skin layers, leading to long-term damage.

The effects of DHA are short-lived. Since dead skin cells are constantly shed, your "tan" will fade within a few days. Spray tanning typically provides a color that lasts about a week, with many products recommending reapplication after three days to maintain the look.

Similar to how an apple takes time to brown, DHA may require several hours to darken your skin. To provide instant results, some products include temporary dyes or bronzers. However, these dyes wash off during your first shower or may smudge when you sweat. Another key ingredient in modern spray-tanning products is erythrulose, a natural sugar that contributes to a more natural, less orange tone. Manufacturers also incorporate botanicals, moisturizers, and aloe vera to enhance absorption and prevent dryness.

Interested in a professional spray tan? Continue reading to explore your options.

Professional Spray Tans: Step Right In

Finding a professional spray tan service is easy, as most communities have tanning salons, both chain and independent. These businesses source their spray-tanning equipment from a handful of leading manufacturers.

The most recognized brands are VersaSpa and Mystic Tan. Debates about which is superior are common among both industry professionals and customers. Both brands emphasize the spaciousness and ventilation of their machines. MagicTan, the creator of VersaSpa, merged with Mystic Tan in 2009 but maintained both brand identities [source: PR Newswire]. These machines apply a DHA-based mist, delivering a full-body tan in minutes.

Some salons also provide airbrush spray tanning. A technician uses a high-pressure spray gun, similar to those used in automotive painting, to apply the tanning solution. This method allows for even coverage or the creation of custom effects, such as defined "six-pack abs."

Spray tanning is increasingly popular among business owners due to its profitability. While a single UV tanning session may cost as little as $5 to $7, spray tanning sessions range from $20 to $45, depending on the location, with minimal solution costs. Airbrush tanning is even pricier. Packages combining additional services like moisturizing are also available at higher rates.

The clear benefits of professional spray tanning include achieving a more uniform tan and avoiding the hassle of cleaning up at home.

Does this sound too perfect? There’s a significant drawback: The FDA has not authorized the use of DHA for full-body spraying in tanning booths [source: U.S. FDA]. DHA is only approved for external use and should not be inhaled, ingested, or applied to sensitive areas like the eyes, lips, or mucous membranes. This doesn’t imply the mist is toxic, but rather that its effects beyond skin application remain untested. A key concern is how effectively commercial spray-tanning facilities protect clients from inhaling the mist or getting it in their eyes or mouth.

The FDA has approved DIY spray tanning products, provided users follow the instructions carefully [source: U.S. FDA].

Interested in trying spray tanning at home? Keep reading to learn more.

At-home Tanning: Shake Well, Ready, Aim, Spray

Stroll through the tanning section of any pharmacy, discount store, or supermarket, and you’ll likely encounter a wide variety of self-tanning options. While creams and roll-ons are available, sprays are often preferred for their ability to provide even coverage without streaks or patches.

When selecting a spray, carefully review the ingredients and usage instructions. Ensure DHA is the primary component. You might also prefer sprays with added moisturizers, botanicals, or temporary dyes for quicker results. Instructions typically warn against inhaling the spray or allowing it to contact your eyes, nose, or mouth. When applying to your face, close your eyes, hold your breath, and keep your mouth closed. Shake the can thoroughly before use and apply with steady, even motions.

A key benefit of DIY spray tanning is that, unlike professional machines that disperse a fine mist, handheld sprays are FDA-approved for safe use [source: U.S. FDA]. Following the instructions minimizes the risk of inhalation. Additionally, purchasing a spray can for a few dollars is far more affordable than a professional session.

However, the process can be messy. You’ll need to apply the spray in a shower, bathtub, or outdoors, and it’s wise to protect floors and nearby surfaces with towels. The spray can cause permanent stains on floors, walls, or furniture.

Another challenge is reaching your back and other difficult areas. Enlisting a friend to help can solve this issue. Even application is crucial, as careless spraying can lead to uneven patches, streaks, or an unwanted orange hue.

Whether you opt for a DIY spray tan or a professional session, there are key considerations to ensure the best results. Continue reading for essential spray-tanning advice.

If You Choose Spray Tanning: Tips

To achieve the best results, follow these steps for a flawless tan.

Be aware of potential issues, whether you’re at a spa or doing it yourself at home.

Even after application, you might need some touch-ups. If the results aren’t perfect, use a hydrogen peroxide or baking soda solution applied with cotton balls to correct uneven areas. This can also help remove color from palms and soles.

Ensure you’re completely dry before dressing to avoid staining your clothes.

Wait before showering -- follow the product’s instructions on how long to wait before bathing.

Most importantly, remember that a spray tan is not a real tan. While it enhances your appearance, it offers no protection from the sun. If you plan to show off your faux tan outdoors, always use sunscreen.