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People living near Hawaii's Kilauea volcano face more than just rivers of lava. Recent eruptions have caused lava to flow into the Pacific Ocean, producing a hazardous, glass-filled phenomenon called "laze," as reported by Honolulu's KITV. But what exactly is laze?
Lava, which reaches temperatures of around 2000°F, encounters seawater that’s about 80°F. When this intensely hot lava meets the cold ocean, it causes the water to boil violently, triggering explosive bursts of steam, hot water, and rock fragments known as tephra. These explosive clouds are referred to as lava haze, or laze.
Although laze might resemble ordinary steam, it’s far more hazardous. The interaction between lava and water generates a chain of chemical reactions, releasing toxic gases. Chloride from seawater combines with hydrogen in the steam to form hydrochloric acid, creating a dense, corrosive cloud that eventually falls as acid rain.
The US Geological Survey (USGS) provides crucial data and insights on volcanic activity and natural hazards.Lava doesn't just pose a danger by flowing; as it cools rapidly, it forms volcanic glass—tiny shards that explode into the air, accompanied by hazardous gases.
Even a brief exposure to a wisp of laze can be harmful. The hot, acidic vapor can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and lungs, particularly for those with respiratory issues like asthma.
In 2000, two people tragically lost their lives at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park after inhaling laze from an active lava flow.
The threat extends far beyond the immediate area where lava is flowing, as the toxic laze can be carried by the wind. Due to the ongoing Kilauea eruptions, this dangerous mixture could travel up to 15 miles, according to a USGS geologist speaking to Reuters.
