Buzz
As the game approaches the end of each half, the fourth official on the sidelines holds up a glowing sign above their head, showing a number. This number represents the extra time, or 'stoppage time', that the head referee has determined to add to the 45-minute half. But how is this time calculated?
The factors influencing stoppage time differ by league, but in FIFA competitions such as the World Cup, the referee monitors the time spent on substitutions, injuries, medical treatment, time-wasting, and 'any other reason.' Referees typically track these occurrences on their wristwatches and, with just a few minutes left in regular time, they notify the fourth official about the stoppage time, which is then displayed on the sign for players, coaches, and spectators. (If further incidents occur during stoppage time, referees can add more time as necessary.)
The origins of stoppage time are a subject of debate. One commonly mentioned yet potentially fictitious tale traces back to 1891 in England. Aston Villa were leading 1-0 against Stoke City when a Villa player deliberately kicked the ball out of the stadium to delay the game until the clock ran out. As a result, referees were permitted to add time to offset such tactics in future matches.
So, if your favorite team has ever suffered a loss due to a goal scored in the sixth minute of stoppage time, you might want to point the finger at Aston Villa.
