Buzz
Oregon recently reported its first instance of bubonic plague in several years—the same disease linked to the historic Black Death outbreaks. However, there's no need for immediate concern. The plague is more widespread and easier to treat than many assume.
In reality, a handful of bubonic plague cases occur annually
While headlines might suggest this is the first U.S. plague case in eight years, or even globally, it’s actually Oregon’s first since 2015. Other states and regions worldwide have reported cases. The plague hasn’t vanished; it’s simply uncommon in today’s world.
The CDC reports that in 2020, the U.S. recorded nine cases of plague, including two fatalities, as per their plague statistics page. While 2018 and 2019 saw just one case each, 2017 had five, and 2015 experienced a significant spike with 16 cases. The last plague case in Oregon dates back to that 2015 outbreak.
What causes this ongoing stream of cases? Plague persists at low levels in rodent populations, particularly in the southwestern U.S. (Scientists trace its origins to rodents, likely marmots in central Asia, before spreading to rats. In the U.S., it now circulates among prairie dogs.)
This is why avoiding sick or dead rodents is crucial. In the recent Oregon case, the individual likely contracted the plague from their cat. While the exact source remains unclear, it’s probable the cat picked it up from a local wild rodent or its fleas.
Antibiotics are effective in treating bubonic plague
The plague evokes fear due to tales of medieval European pandemics. Indeed, if you lived in that era and contracted the disease, your chances of survival would be slim.
However, plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which can be effectively treated with modern antibiotics. Prompt treatment is crucial, as the disease can still be deadly, and early intervention significantly improves outcomes.
The CDC advises seeking medical attention immediately if you suspect plague. Inform your doctor if you’ve recently visited or reside in the western U.S. A key symptom is a severely swollen and painful lymph node, known as a bubo. Doctors can test your blood or the bubo for plague and provide appropriate treatment.
How to safeguard yourself from plague
The CDC provides a set of guidelines for plague prevention here. Keep in mind that plague is rare, so the likelihood of contracting it is low. However, here are some practical steps to stay safe:
Prevent rodents from approaching your home (for instance, by clearing brush piles and eliminating food sources near your property).
Apply insect repellent to yourself and your pets to minimize the risk of flea bites.
If your dog or cat roams freely in areas where plague is endemic, avoid letting them sleep on your bed.
Where are these plague-endemic regions located? According to the CDC, the majority of plague cases originate from northern Arizona, northern New Mexico, southern Colorado, southern Oregon, California, and western Nevada.
