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Epilepsy is more prevalent than you might expect — 1 in 26 individuals will receive an epilepsy diagnosis in their lifetime — and seizures can also be caused by other factors. In fact, 1 in 10 people will experience a seizure at some point. Here’s how to respond if you're present during an incident, according to the Epilepsy Foundation.
The three key instructions to remember are: Stay, Safe, Side.
Remain with the person experiencing the seizure
You witnessed the onset of the seizure, or perhaps you arrived after it had started. Stay by their side to ensure their safety, and so that you can provide details (to them or to first responders) about the event. If possible, time the seizure and call 911 if it lasts longer than five minutes.
Remain composed and speak soothingly so they can recover to a familiar, comforting voice. In the meantime, check whether the individual has a medical ID (either on their phone or via another method, like a medic alert bracelet).
Ensure their safety
A person experiencing a seizure may get injured if they fall or strike something, so it’s important to keep them in a secure environment. If they are moving around, guide them to a safe place. If they appear to be at risk of falling, gently lower them to the ground, if it's safe to do so. Clear the area of any furniture, sharp objects, or anything that could cause harm.
Nobody wants to wake up surrounded by a crowd, so recruit a bystander or two to assist if needed, and ask the rest to step back.
Do not try to restrain the person
Restraining them will not stop the seizure and could increase the risk of injury for both the person and others. The foundation advises: “People don’t intentionally fight during a seizure. However, if they are held back while disoriented, they might react aggressively.”
And never place anything in their mouth
It’s a common misconception that someone can swallow their tongue; this is not possible. While they may bite their tongue, which can be painful, placing an object in their mouth to prevent that can cause more harm. They might break a tooth or swallow the object. It’s also unsafe to offer food, water, or medication.
Turn them onto their side
If the person remains unconscious, make them comfortable. The foundation recommends loosening any tight clothing and placing something soft beneath their head. Turning the individual onto their side with their mouth facing downward can help prevent saliva from obstructing their airway, making it easier for them to breathe.
What to do next
Upon waking, the person may feel disoriented, frightened, or embarrassed. Explain what occurred, and offer to stay with them until they are able to get home or contact a friend. If you’ve called 911, stay to assist.
As per the Epilepsy Foundation, here are the signs indicating that emergency help is needed:
Seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes
Multiple seizures occurring
Difficulty in breathing
Seizure happens while in water
Person is injured, pregnant, or ill
Person does not regain their usual condition
A seizure for the first time
can be a frightening experience
The individual seeks medical assistance
Seizures come in many forms and recognizing the type is important because the appropriate reaction can vary. Some individuals may have a rescue medication with them. However, if you're unsure of what's happening and just know the person is experiencing a seizure, following these general tips is advisable. Remember, always seek medical help if you believe the person might be at risk.
