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Looking for another reason to adore dogs? Research confirms that our furry friends delight in sharing snacks with their pals.
What drives animals to act kindly toward one another? This phenomenon, known as prosocial behavior or altruism, has long intrigued scientists. While there’s no clear evolutionary advantage to generosity, both humans and animals exhibit it, particularly toward those they care about. This behavior isn’t unique to humans—species like rats, jackdaws, and chimpanzees also demonstrate acts of kindness toward their peers. A recent study adds dogs to this list, showing they too engage in altruistic behavior.
A study involving 16 dogs, published this week in Scientific Reports, detailed an experiment where dogs could operate a treat dispenser by pulling a tray. However, the twist was that the treats weren’t for them—they were delivered to another dog separated by a barrier. The donor dog faced a choice: share the food or keep it for itself.
After the donor dogs mastered the device, the researchers introduced potential treat recipients. Some were familiar and liked by the donors, while others were unknown.
Repeatedly, the donor dogs shared treats with their friends. Their actions weren’t random—when faced with unfamiliar dogs, the donors were much less inclined to provide treats.
Were the donors simply uneasy around unfamiliar dogs? Not at all. Before each trial, the dogs had time to sniff and interact, ensuring both were calm by the time treats were involved.
To ensure the presence of unfamiliar dogs wasn’t a distraction, the researchers adjusted the dispenser so the donor dog received its own treat for pulling the tray. Even with strangers nearby, the donors performed flawlessly every time.
The issue wasn’t the unfamiliar dogs—the donor dogs simply preferred to reward their friends with treats.
The researchers remain uncertain about the underlying reasons. One possibility is that the donor dogs anticipated reciprocity—expecting a treat in return. Alternatively, they suggest that "a basic form of empathy" might have motivated their actions; seeing their companions enjoy the treats could have brought the donor dogs joy as well. "The happiness felt by the recipients when rewarded may positively influence the donor," they explain.
In short, dogs are truly amazing creatures.
