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With so many options for artificial nail enhancements—including acrylics, gels, polygels, and dip powders—it’s easy to forget about the health of your natural nails. A single visit to your nail salon can instantly cover up imperfections, giving you a long-lasting, beautiful manicure that may mask underlying issues.
But neglecting the condition of your natural nails can be risky. The state of your nails often reflects your overall health. For example, certain nail problems may signal a lack of essential vitamins, while others could indicate more serious medical concerns that may require professional attention.
That’s why it’s essential to recognize the warning signs if you think your nails are unhealthy. We consulted with dermatologists and nail experts to provide you with the key indicators to watch for.
What Contributes to Unhealthy Nails?
Dr. Dana Stern, M.D., a renowned dermatologist and nail specialist, explains that unhealthy nails can result from exposure to harmful ingredients like formaldehyde. She says, "Nail strengtheners containing formaldehyde may paradoxically make nails more brittle and cause onycholysis, or separation of the nail from the nail bed."
Excessive use of acetone is another culprit, as it can severely dehydrate the nails, leading to peeling, splitting, and breakage. Dr. Stern cautions, "Avoid products marketed as treatments that require polish remover for removal. These are often just clear polishes and can worsen nail damage."
Injuries, such as rough buffing or improper cuticle removal, can also harm nails. Genetic factors play a role in nail health as well. According to Dr. Stern, "Brittle nails have a genetic component, and aging directly affects nail strength." Nails rely on nutrients and oxygen from the bloodstream, and if circulation is poor, your nails may struggle to stay healthy.
Celebrity nail artist Michelle Saunders warns that frequent use of artificial nail products, such as polish, gel, or acrylic, can dehydrate and weaken nails. The process of applying and removing these enhancements can also strip away layers of natural nail tissue.
Recognizing Signs of Unhealthy Nails
"Signs that your nails may not be healthy include ridges, nails that break easily, and discoloration," explains Syreeta Aaron, a professional nail artist and educator at LeChat Nails. The American Association of Dermatology (AAD) states that yellow nails can be caused by nail polish or smoking. However, if yellow nails are thick and have stopped growing, they could indicate lung disease or severe rheumatoid arthritis.
If you spot a greenish-black discoloration, this may indicate a bacterial infection. On the other hand, a dark black streak could be a sign of skin cancer. The AAD advises seeing a dermatologist immediately when you notice any discoloration on your nails for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Other visible indicators of unhealthy nails include grooves, pitting, and nail clubbing. Deep grooves are indentations in the nail bed, while pitting appears as small holes, as if a toothpick had been pressed into the nails. Nail clubbing refers to the curved appearance of nails, sometimes accompanied by enlarged fingertips, which can signal lung issues. While grooves generally aren’t a concern, they may indicate a period of slowed or halted nail growth, says the AAD. Nail pitting is often found in individuals with psoriasis, which can also cause nail splitting, another sign of unhealthy nails.
"Changes in thickness, whether nails become thicker or thinner, also signal unhealthy nails," says Aaron. When nails become excessively thin, they may dip in the middle, forming a spoon shape, which may be related to an iron deficiency.
Solutions for Unhealthy Nails
"Healthy nails naturally have a glossy finish and are flexible," explains Saunders. Dr. Stern adds that they should also feature a smooth nail plate, a pink nail bed with a clear white tip, and healthy cuticles. If your nails lack these characteristics, it's a good idea to consult a dermatologist for a professional assessment and advice on the next steps.
To preserve nail health, Dr. Stern suggests taking breaks from heavily processed products like gels, acrylics, and polishes. If it's unavoidable, be gentle when removing nail enhancements and look for products that incorporate skin-nourishing ingredients. "Choose nail treatments backed by science and formulated with natural elements," Dr. Stern advises.
Moisturizing your nails with cuticle oil can make a significant difference. "Nails thrive on oil and conditioning," says Saunders. "Since nails are made of keratin protein, treat them with the same care as you would your hair and condition them regularly."
Aaron also advises keeping up with your daily supplements, including vitamin C, biotin, zinc, iron, and magnesium, to provide your nails with the essential nutrients needed to stay strong and healthy.
