Termite Species and the Destruction They Cause

You may not be aware, but your home could be under siege. Right now. Even while you're asleep. And it's not just one invader—it's thousands of tiny invaders. They’re invisible to the eye, but they’re there. Hidden in your walls, in your yard, perhaps even in your furniture. These creatures cause damage relentlessly, day and night. They're termites, responsible for up to $5 billion in damages annually in the United States alone, according to the National Pest Management Association, devouring wood in homes, decks, boats, trees, and more.

There are about 2,800 species of termites worldwide, but only a handful are a significant concern for humans.

Subterranean termites, also known as ground termites, live beneath the soil in large colonies. Their primary food source is wood, and they are capable of tunneling as deep as 150 feet (45.7 meters) underground to find it. Unfortunately, this wood source could be your home. These termites are present across the United States, though less common in colder regions. They are responsible for 95% of all termite damage in North America. A single subterranean termite colony can contain up to 1 million individuals and consume up to 15 pounds (6.8 kilograms) of wood each week! They can cause significant damage to home foundations, support beams, plastic pipes, insulation, and more.

Drywood termites make their homes above ground, preferring to live within wood and trees. They do not require moisture in their nests, instead relying on the humidity in the air. These termites are more common in Southern California and the Southeastern United States. Drywood termites infest wood, consuming it from the inside. They often establish nests in attics, door frames, and window frames. While the exterior of the wood may appear undamaged, it could be deteriorating internally due to the presence of drywood termites.

Dampwood termites thrive in damp, decaying wood, as their name suggests. They are considered an economic pest along the Pacific Coast, though they are also occasionally found in the deserts of the American Southwest and southern Florida, where they are not as dangerous. Dampwood termites are drawn to moist wood, making homes with plumbing issues or moisture problems particularly vulnerable. The damage they cause is smooth and clean on the inside of the wood.

Formosan termites are known for being the most destructive termite species. Originally from mainland China and Taiwan, these pests entered the United States through several port cities. Interestingly, scientists believe they spread across the country via infested wooden railroad ties. Formosan termites are most common in Louisiana, where they may infest up to 30% of the state's trees. They are also found in New Mexico, California, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. These termites can infest wood and other cellulose-based materials, and they are even known to attack boats and live trees.

If you suspect a termite infestation in your home or on your property, it's essential to contact a professional right away. Termites can cause extensive damage in a very short period of time, and despite their tiny size, they can do substantial harm.