The Beginner's Guide to Edibles

Navigating cannabis edibles can be challenging, especially for beginners. Even if you're accustomed to smoking, consuming edibles might feel unfamiliar and intimidating, as the effects are notably distinct.

You’ve probably come across tales of overindulgence in delicious, chocolatey edibles leading to overwhelming experiences. These stories might have been shared by friends, relatives, or even highlighted in New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd’s widely talked-about account of her cannabis-themed journey in Colorado.

As an increasing number of states legalize and commercialize cannabis, accurate dosing information has been a significant challenge, though improvements are being made. In 2014, Dowd’s cannabis-infused caramel-chocolate bar lacked clear consumption guidelines. Today, such products in legal states typically include proper instructions.

Whether you’re aiming to become a cannabis tourist or a resident in a legal state exploring new recreational or medicinal options, trying edibles doesn’t have to be intimidating or unpredictable. We consulted three industry experts to address all your beginner questions.

What are edibles, exactly?

Edibles are food items infused with THC, available in various forms like baked goods, gummies, or chocolates. Josh Hawkes, a Denver-based budtender and host of the podcast Two J’s Later, categorizes edibles into four types: sativa-only, indica-only, hybrid (a blend of sativa and indica), and pure CBD.

How do sativa and indica differ?

These terms refer to the two main cannabis strains. Hawkes explains, “I often describe sativa as a ‘high’ and indica as ‘stoned.’ Sativa is energizing, uplifting, and functional, offering a cerebral, creative buzz. Indica, on the other hand, is more relaxing and sedating, often leading to a ‘body high.’ Think of it like NyQuil commercials—you take it in bed because that’s where you’ll end up. Indica edibles tend to leave users feeling deeply relaxed and couch-bound.”

Let’s also clarify CBD, a THC-free compound from the cannabis plant that’s gaining popularity and is widely accessible, even in states where cannabis isn’t legal. As one of the most abundant cannabinoids alongside THC, CBD is sought after for its potential therapeutic benefits without causing a psychoactive effect—meaning it can improve physical well-being without inducing a high.

What kind of edible should I choose for my first experience?

First, decide on the type of effect or relief you’re looking for, then select a product that aligns with your goal. While cookies and brownies are staples in the industry, Hawkes suggests starting with gummies or chocolate bars for a less intimidating introduction. “Many people already take gummy vitamins or supplements,” Hawkes notes. “And who doesn’t love chocolate?”

Are there any unique or standout recommendations?

Dez Kane, a Denver-based budtender, highly recommends the cannabis-infused stroopwafel. She describes it as resembling the outer layer of a waffle cone but shaped into a caramel-coated circle. “There’s no hint of a cannabis taste. The aroma is a mix of cinnamon and caramel, and they’re absolutely delicious,” she says.

Hawkes mentions that the most unique (and likely his top pick) edible currently available is beef jerky, crafted from bison meat. “It’s thick-cut, with a sweet-and-spicy or teriyaki flavor that’s not overwhelming, allowing the bison’s natural taste to shine through,” he explains. “It’s one of the few savory edibles on the market, as most others are sugar-based.”

I’ve visited the dispensary, bought some edibles, and I’m eager to try them. What’s next?

Both Kane and Hawkes emphasize the same approach: start with a small dose and take your time.

“A standard adult serving is 10mg, but for first-timers, it’s wise to begin with less,” suggests Dr. Margaret Gedde, a medical marijuana provider at Vibrant Health Clinic in Colorado Springs. “A 5mg dose is a safe starting point. Once it takes effect, it won’t be too intense.” (Dosing guidelines vary by state. In Colorado, recreational edibles are typically divided into 10mg servings, while Oregon caps THC at 5mg per serving.)

After your initial dose, wait at least an hour or an hour and a half to assess how you feel, advises Dr. Gedde. If you notice effects, you can then decide whether to consume more. Keep in mind that the effects of edibles last longer than those from smoking, so they won’t fade quickly.

Dr. Gedde emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the numbers. This means understanding the THC content in milligrams for each product, whether it needs to be divided, or if it can be consumed whole. Keep track of your starting dose, the waiting period, and any additional amounts you take. Documenting this process during your initial experiences will help you achieve a more predictable effect in the future and simplify product selection.

“Gradually build up to the desired effect, and remember that it takes time,” advises Hawkes, who suggests new users wait two hours after their first dose. “Unlike smoking, the effects aren’t immediate.”

Why is determining the right edible dosage so challenging?

Dr. Gedde explains that cannabis consumption methods fall into two categories. The first, which includes edibles, involves metabolism through the liver. The second group, covering methods like vaping, smoking, topical applications, or sublingual absorption, bypasses the liver and delivers THC directly into the bloodstream.

When THC from the second category enters your bloodstream, the effects are felt within minutes, allowing for quick adjustments.

However, liver processing is a slower process. “The timing for cannabinoids is generally longer than most common medications,” Dr. Gedde explains. “For example, Ibuprofen or Aspirin typically takes effect within 20 minutes. In contrast, cannabinoid metabolism is much slower, usually taking about an hour to kick in. While some medications are slow-acting, people often expect quicker results, so understanding this delay is crucial.”

Dr. Gedde notes that some people naturally have slower liver metabolism, and another factor to consider is recent food intake. Surprisingly, edibles may work better when taken with some food. “Cannabis absorbs more efficiently when consumed with food, as it aids digestion,” she explains. “Without food, digesting cannabis oil can be challenging. For instance, taking a concentrated dose or capsule on an empty stomach might delay absorption until after eating, leading to unexpected effects hours later.”

On the flip side, consuming an edible with a large meal, like Thanksgiving dinner, slows everything down. “The effects will take longer to start and last longer,” she says.

(Edibles are often preferred for medical cannabis users due to their prolonged effects. They provide consistent relief, making them ideal for managing conditions like chronic pain.)

Using a running analogy, edibles are more like a marathon than a sprint. Kane advises, “Ensure you’re in a safe environment and pay close attention to your body’s reactions.” (And while it can be tricky, she adds with a laugh, “don’t forget to enjoy the experience!”)

Can I pair my Friday night edible with an IPA or a glass of Cabernet?

“It’s not something I’d advise,” says Hawkes. “I generally avoid mixing marijuana and alcohol. While some people enjoy the combination, an IPA’s effects will likely hit you long before the edible’s.”

A friend offered me some homemade pot brownies. Are they safe to eat?

“Proceed with caution,” warns Dr. Gedde, especially as a beginner with homemade edibles, since they lack standardization and testing. You have no way of knowing what or how much your friend used, unlike store-bought products where “you can generally trust the labeling within certain limits.”

Oh no, I think I overdid it with my edible. What now?

“If you feel too high, drink some water and rest,” advises Hawkes, explaining that being overly high differs from being drunk. “While we might handle being drunk with a cheeseburger and soda, consuming fatty foods with THC will only intensify the effects.”

Kane recommends, “Find a calm spot to relax, as the effects will eventually fade.”

Dr. Gedde concurs. “Wait it out. Stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol, as it will worsen the situation. Rest assured, there’s no real danger,” she adds. “While an excessive edible dose can make you feel awful, it’s not toxic to your organs, and there’s no need for an ER visit.”

Wait, so I just have to endure it?

If you’re feeling extremely unwell, Dr. Gedde suggests another option: using CBD to counteract the effects of THC.

CBD is well-known for lacking psychoactive properties. Many have relocated to access it for their children. It works by blocking THC’s psychoactive effects when taken together. CBD occupies the same brain receptors responsible for psychoactivity, effectively shielding them. […] Using a CBD vaporizer, liquid, or tincture under the tongue can provide quick relief and help balance the effects.

You can find CBD at local dispensaries, but Dr. Gedde notes it’s also available online (including Amazon) and in health food stores. CBD is derived from hemp, which is less regulated than THC. (It’s particularly useful for those using THC edibles for pain relief, allowing them to benefit without constant intoxication.)

Dr. Gedde humorously calls it an easy way to “hack your high.”

Following the 2018 Farm Act, CBD is no longer classified as a Schedule 1 Controlled Substance by Congress, though the DEA still lists it as such. It “can be legally purchased and consumed in all 50 states if grown under the Act’s guidelines,” according to CBD Central. However, products marketed for therapeutic or dietary purposes must be FDA-approved, so it’s wise to research the brands you’re buying from.