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In the U.S., approximately 400,000 cat bites occur annually, making up about 1% of all emergency room visits related to animal bites. While dog bites are more prevalent, cat bites present a unique danger. Research reveals that 33% of hand bites from cats result in hospitalization. Untreated infections from these bites can escalate, potentially causing sepsis and even death.
Cat bites pose significant health risks
Cat bites are particularly hazardous due to several factors. “These bites are classified as high-risk because cats have small, sharp teeth that often create deep puncture wounds,” explains Camila Calderón, an emergency medicine specialist at UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School.
Cat bites often occur on the upper body, particularly the hands, which are more prone to infection. The hands contain numerous muscles and tendons that, if bitten, can easily become infected, allowing the infection to spread throughout the hand.
Another factor that makes cat bites especially dangerous is the presence of a bacteria called pasteurella multocida, a leading cause of hand infections from cat bites. Pasteurella infections grow rapidly and, when they occur in vulnerable areas like the hands, can quickly escalate into severe complications.
What to do if you’re bitten
If a cat bites you, the first steps are to clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water and consult a doctor. “I advise seeking medical attention, even if you believe you can clean the wound yourself,” Calderon recommends.
For deep or extensive bites, medical professionals can ensure the wound is properly cleaned. They will also prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection. Whether you visit the emergency room, an urgent care clinic, or your primary care physician, it’s crucial to see a doctor and start antibiotics as soon as possible.
If the cat bite wound shows signs of redness, swelling, pain, or if you develop a fever, it’s crucial to seek emergency medical care immediately.
Beyond infection risks, cat bites can pose additional dangers that may require professional medical attention. One significant concern is rabies, especially if the cat’s medical history is unknown and it escapes after biting. In such cases, a post-exposure rabies series may be necessary. Another potential risk is cat scratch fever, as bites can sometimes be accompanied by scratches.
