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Eels are proving to be more surprising than we thought. A recently discovered species of these long, slim fish (yes, eels are indeed fish) can generate more electric voltage than any other living being on Earth.
All species within their taxonomic order (Gymnotiformes) can generate a weak electric field to help them navigate, compensating for their limited vision. However, electric eels (from the genus Electrophorus) pack an incredibly powerful punch. They contain three organs filled with cells that can produce electricity at will. These cells serve as a defensive tool, able to incapacitate prey by delivering a stun similar to a taser.
In a study published in Nature Communications, scientists collected over 100 electric eels from the Amazon and examined their DNA, voltage capabilities, and environment. To their astonishment, they discovered that the previously known single species of electric eel, Electrophorus electricus, was actually made up of three distinct species. They named the two new ones with powerful names: E. varii and E. voltai, the latter named after Alessandro Volta, the inventor of the electric battery. This species delivered the strongest jolt—860 volts—surpassing the former record of 650 volts.
What causes the variation in strength? Researchers suggest that some eels inhabit waters with low salt content, which results in decreased conductivity. This may require a stronger electric charge to deliver an effective jolt.
Although these numbers may sound impressive, the eels' low current means a shock wouldn't necessarily harm a human. Voltage measures the pressure of electron flow, while current (or amperage) represents the volume of electrons. Eels have high voltage but low current, while household outlets have lower voltage but much higher current, which can be lethal. Eels may startle you with a shock, but it won’t be fatal.
However, if you happen to find yourself surrounded by a group of electric eels intent on subduing you, their shocks could temporarily incapacitate you, potentially leading to drowning or worsening an existing heart condition. The study's authors aim to eventually capture footage of a coordinated eel attack on (non-human) prey.
The discovery of two new species was 'quite literally shocking,' lead author Carlos David de Santana told The New York Times.
