Buzz
Choosing an HDTV can be tricky with so many brands, model numbers, and sizes available. To make this process a bit easier, we've compiled a list of the most common specs you’ll find on the packaging, breaking them down to help you understand when each one is important.
If you're unsure about the ideal TV size, we've previously discussed some helpful tips for selecting based on your viewing distance. Once you've settled on the best size for your room, you'll still face the challenge of navigating many other specifications. Depending on how you plan to use your TV, certain features and numbers will matter more than others.
Resolution
Since the advent of 1080p HDTVs, there's been ongoing debate about whether higher resolution actually improves the viewing experience. The main difference between 1080p (1920 x 1080 pixels) and 720p (1280 x 720 pixels, though most panels actually have 1366x768 resolution) is the number of horizontal lines on the screen. The 'p' in 1080p stands for 'progressive,' meaning the lines refresh sequentially. While 720p models tend to be cheaper, they often need to upscale 1080p content, which can lead to a reduction in sharpness.
In various real-world tests, many people struggle to notice a significant difference between the two. On TVs smaller than 40", the resolution tends to be less noticeable to most viewers.
When it matters: The importance of resolution largely depends on the devices you plan to connect to the TV. If you're watching cable or over-the-air channels, these aren’t always in 1080p. However, if you intend to watch a lot of Blu-ray movies, which are natively 1080p, you'll get a clearer picture.
For those using an Xbox 360 or PS3, resolution isn’t a big issue. Most retail games are designed to run natively at 720p, though they're often upscaled to 1080p. While some games are made in 1080p, the consoles generally support all formats, including standard definition, so they often rely on 720p. When streaming video from services like Netflix, most HD content is available in 1080p, while other platforms, including Hulu, stream at 720p.
If you're after a TV that will stand the test of time, 1080p offers a higher resolution (and price) that will serve you better in the long run. However, the decision ultimately depends on what you plan to use the TV for and its size. Smaller TVs benefit less from a higher resolution, but if you plan on watching a lot of HD content, 1080p is definitely the better choice. Just keep in mind that not everything will be as clear as expected.
Photo by jsparksnj.
Contrast Ratio
Contrast ratio is often displayed on TV packaging as seemingly incomprehensible numbers. For example, a newer model might boast a contrast ratio of 150,000:1, which may seem meaningless to most consumers. This term refers to the difference between the darkest blacks and the brightest whites a TV can produce. In theory, a higher contrast ratio should result in better color quality.
When it matters: Unfortunately, it doesn’t. Or rather, the numbers you see on a TV box aren't all that important. There’s no standard method for measuring contrast ratio, and different TV manufacturers use different methods. So, those numbers don’t really mean much—just trust your instincts when comparing displays in stores.
Picture Type
The three main types of televisions currently available are LCD, Plasma, and LED. Each has its own set of benefits and drawbacks. The best choice for you depends on how you plan to use the TV most frequently.
LCD: LCD (liquid crystal display) is the most common type of TV you'll find while shopping. The technology uses liquid crystals to display the image, and it's lit by a CCFL (cold-cathode fluorescent lamp). These models are popular because the lighting works well in most homes, and they come in various sizes. If you have a spacious room, be mindful of the viewing angle, as some sets may become hard to see from the sides. This is easy to test in the store—simply walk to the side and check if the image starts to darken.
Plasma: Plasma TVs use phosphors that emit light to create the image, meaning there is no need for a backlight. Because of this, plasma displays maintain good contrast even when viewed from wide angles, making them ideal for large, dimly lit rooms or if your favorite seat is in a corner. However, if you're prone to pausing games or movies for long periods, be cautious of image burn-in on plasma models (note: newer sets seem to be less affected by this issue).
LED: LED (light-emitting diodes) is a marketing term for LCD TVs that use LED lighting instead of CCFLs. While LED models are typically pricier than standard LCDs, they consume a bit less power, making them a good option if you're concerned about energy efficiency.
Dynamic backlight and local dimming: Two other features you may see listed on a TV's box are "dynamic backlight" and "local dimming." Dynamic backlight allows the TV to automatically adjust the brightness of the backlight. Some people find this feature bothersome when it doesn’t work well because the picture may not refresh fast enough.
Local dimming means individual LEDs or groups of LEDs can be turned on and off independently, which affects specific areas of the screen. This results in a better-lit picture, with greater control over darkness and brightness in different regions. If an LED TV lacks local dimming, it’s typically edge-lit, meaning the lights are placed on the edge of the screen and can’t adjust independently in smaller areas.
When it matters: Plasma is ideal for darker rooms and sports viewing. LCD works well for most other content, but if you're looking for a super-thin, more energy-efficient display, LED lighting might be a better option. With TVs that have local dimming, watch out for the blooming effect around colors. Additionally, some argue that a well-calibrated LCD can look just as good as an LED display.
Photo by christine.
Refresh Rate
The refresh rate is one of the most confusing specifications you'll encounter. Usually, you'll see one of three numbers: 60Hz, 120Hz, and 240Hz. These numbers represent how often the TV updates the picture. The theory behind this, according to manufacturers, is that a higher refresh rate results in less motion blur.
When it matters: The refresh rate isn’t that important for most people. Television, movies, and games are designed to work with a 60Hz refresh rate, and adding higher numbers doesn’t improve the quality of the image. While a higher refresh rate may make the video look smoother in a store, it’s often an artificial effect that doesn’t reflect the natural presentation of the media. Essentially, ignore this number on the box—if you spot motion blur in the store, avoid the TV. Some people also feel that higher refresh rates make the video unnaturally smooth, as it’s typically artificially enhanced.
Connections
While connections don’t matter as much as before, it’s still important to consider if you have a variety of devices. Here are the most common connections you'll encounter:
HDMI: HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is a versatile HD input for both audio and video. When shopping for cables, remember that price doesn't matter, so just go for an affordable option.
Component Input: Component video is the older, analog version of HDMI. You’d typically use this for DVD players, the Wii, or other older devices supporting both 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios.
S-Video: S-Video didn’t gain much popularity in devices, but it’s still supported by TVs in case you need it. If you’re using it, you’ll know, but otherwise, it’ll likely come with your TV anyway.
Composite Video and RCA: Composite video and RCA cables are the yellow (video), red, and white (audio) connectors. Generally, if you’re buying an HD TV, you won’t use these, but they can be useful for older game systems or cable boxes. These can’t carry HD signals and are locked at a 4:3 aspect ratio.
When it matters: Modern streaming and disc players all use HDMI, so ensure your TV has enough HDMI ports for all your devices. If you have an Xbox, Blu-Ray player, and HD Cable box, for example, at least three HDMI ports will be necessary. If you’re using older equipment, like an older game system, check that the TV has the right inputs.
Image courtesy of Chris Kelly.
The numbers and technical specs can be overwhelming, but hopefully, this guide has clarified things for you. Once you’ve selected your TV, be sure to calibrate it correctly to achieve the best picture quality.
