What Does 'Layman's Terms' Mean in Simple Language?

When someone dives into complex or specialized jargon, another person might step in to remind them that their audience lacks expertise in that area. This could be a plumber detailing why your pipes are clogged or a doctor describing human anatomy.

Typically, they’ll be asked to explain it in 'layman’s terms.' A simpler version will follow, leaving everyone satisfied—except perhaps the person stuck with a blocked sewer and a hefty repair bill. But what does 'layman’s terms' really mean? Who is this 'layman' who requires explanations free of complexity and technicalities? Does it imply a lack of intelligence?

According to Merriam-Webster, the term layman likely originated in the 15th century. It has French and Late Latin origins and stems from the Greek word laikos, meaning 'of the people.' The adjective lay referred to something not connected to the clergy or non-religious in nature; a layman was someone outside the church hierarchy.

Over time, the term layman

evolved beyond its religious context to describe anyone not specialized in a particular field or profession. For instance, a lawyer might simplify the complexities of the legal system for a layman—their client. Similarly, a pilot could describe the process of landing a plane to a layman at a casual event. Essentially, layman’s terms refer to explanations stripped of technicalities, making them accessible to everyone.

For example, a doctor might explain a blocked artery caused by plaque buildup by comparing it to a drinking straw [PDF]. As the straw narrows, it becomes harder for liquid—or blood—to flow through. In simpler terms, you’d need a heart specialist.

Requests for explanations in layman’s terms often arise after major news events, such as the coronavirus pandemic or political debates. Complex legislation, scientific discoveries, or injuries to famous sports stars might also prompt simplified summaries. This typically occurs when non-experts feel overwhelmed by specialized terminology.

In 2021, discussing non-fungible tokens (NFTs), New York Times columnist Kevin Roose explained that “an NFT, in simple terms, is a unique digital collectible marked by a special code that acts as proof of its authenticity, stored on a blockchain—the same system supporting Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.”

Although the phrase often reflects an effort to make complex ideas accessible, it can sometimes carry negative undertones. For example, this 1897 excerpt from System of Medicine by T.C. Allbutt illustrates this point:

“The claim often made by uninformed or dishonest laymen that the [medical] field has been swayed…”

The terms layperson or laypeople, surprisingly, aren’t modern alternatives. They also date back to the 15th century.

Interestingly, the use of the word layman (in literature, at least) appeared to reach its highest point in the 1950s before declining to record lows in the 2010s. This shift might be due to the widespread access to information online, reducing the number of laypeople in society.