Buzz
During the filming of 'Thank You for Smoking,' director Jason Reitman is supported by James Whitaker, the cinematographer, and Ted Ayd, the gaffer, as he captures a scene from the top of the Hyatt Regency in Washington, D.C.
Tom Williams/Roll Call/Getty ImagesThe term "Gaffer" originates from British slang, meaning "old man," which often amuses moviegoers when they see it in film credits. However, this role is far from a joke—the gaffer is the lead electrician on a film set. Historically, in British theater, the gaffer was responsible for adjusting stage lighting, a term derived from the lamplighters who used a "gaff," a hooked pole, to light gas street lamps.
Also known as the chief lighting technician, the gaffer collaborates closely with the key grip under the supervision of the director of photography (DP or cinematographer). Together, they transform the DP's creative vision into reality—the gaffer oversees lighting, while the key grip manages camera operations. The DP, gaffer, and key grip maintain constant communication during filming. While the gaffer's role is primarily technical and administrative, their relationship with the DP can allow for creative input in lighting design and effects.
Well before filming begins, the gaffer meticulously reviews the script, identifying unique lighting requirements and necessary equipment. They then join the director, DP, key grip, best boys, and producers for a tech scout, visiting studios and locations to assess lighting, camera, and crew needs for each scene. Following this, the gaffer drafts and adheres to a budget for the electrical department.
A skilled and efficient crew is essential to staying within budget. The gaffer typically selects their own team, including the best boy, their second-in-command. During filming, the gaffer observes rehearsals to determine the ideal lighting setup based on conditions and time of day. The DP may provide detailed instructions on filters, rigs, and meters, or offer broader guidance, allowing the gaffer to exercise creativity and judgment. The gaffer and crew fine-tune lighting between takes and review dailies with the DP to ensure everything meets their standards.
Gaffers must accumulate years of experience, starting as part of the electrical crew and advancing to best boy electric. Early career networking is vital, as most gaffers secure jobs through recommendations from DPs they've collaborated with previously. Taking nonunion gaffer roles can also pave the way for union opportunities. On major films, a gaffer typically earns $35,000 to $45,000 for a 12-week project. While some gaffers aspire to become DPs, others prefer to remain in their role. As for how many gaffers truly fit the "old man" stereotype? That remains a mystery.
