Buzz
Optimistic thoughts can serve as an excellent method to inspire and sustain healthy habits...yet negative messages, such as the fear of failure, can also be effective. A recent psychological study on motivation outlines four strategies to determine whether a positive or negative approach is more suitable.
A compelling instance of a negative message driving motivation is seen in cartoonist Matt Inman, whose Blerch-themed races have inspired countless fans. He explained his motivation to Runner's World:
When I began running nearly a decade ago, I struggled to complete even a mile," Matt shared as we jogged through the park. "I would set small goals–like reaching the next tree or corner–and tell myself,
An unhappy, depressed, overweight man is chasing me. If I don't make it to that point before he does, he'll catch me, and I'll turn into him."
Messages rooted in fear can drive some individuals while discouraging others. Researchers at the Cornell Food and Brand Lab identified four key factors that influence whether such messages will be effective:
Are you deeply engaged and well-informed about this topic? If yes, a negative message might be more effective, as you grasp the severity of the negative outcome and how to address it. Conversely, if you're addressing someone with only a passing interest, a positive message would be more suitable.
Will you concentrate on specifics or just the broader message? Similar to the first point, if you're prepared to delve into the intricate details of a message (for instance, researching your topic extensively), negative messages can be impactful. However, someone who prefers skimming details and focusing on the overall tone may find negative messages discouraging. If you avoid detailed analysis, stick to a positive tone.
How predictable is the outcome? If the result is almost certain—like maintaining a diet but needing a nudge to stay on track—positive messages tend to work best. But if the outcome is uncertain, highlighting potential negative consequences might be more motivating.
What is your attitude toward risk? If you're risk-averse, you'll likely respond better to positive messages emphasizing the benefits of healthy actions. On the other hand, if you're a risk-taker, reminders of negative outcomes will drive you to act.
The Cornell researchers derived their insights from public health campaigns and large-scale audience responses, but these principles likely apply to self-motivation as well. Someone fearing the Blerch likely understands how exercise prevents obesity and depression and worries that inaction could lead to becoming the Blerch. Meanwhile, a positive message like "Running is beneficial!" would resonate most with someone unfamiliar with exercise but drawn to the idea of improving their appearance and well-being, believing they can succeed. Which type of message motivates you?
Image by Daniel Miller for the Cornell Food and Brand Lab.
