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Any inland body of water larger than a pond can be classified as a lake. Lakes around the world vary significantly, with some resembling seas in size and characteristics. This is true for Lake Baikal in southeast Siberia. Recognized as a Unesco World Heritage Site, it is the deepest lake globally, reaching a maximum depth of 5387 feet
Lake depth can be determined in two ways: by the distance from the surface to its deepest point and by the average depth across the entire lake. Lake Baikal holds the global record in both categories. With an average depth of 2486 feet, it surpasses the height of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. If two Burj Khalifas were stacked at Baikal's deepest point, less than 50 feet of the top would emerge above the water.
Lake Baikal also holds another remarkable title: it is approximately 25 million years old, making it the oldest lake in the world. Its depth and age have fostered the evolution of unique ecosystems. Half of the 60 fish species inhabiting the lake are endemic, earning it the nickname "Galapagos of Russia." Additionally, Baikal is home to the nerpa, the only known exclusively freshwater seal species.
Having sustained a vibrant ecosystem for millions of years, the world's deepest lake now faces significant threats in recent decades. Pollution from development along its shores has endangered its unique flora and fauna. Local conservationists have worked tirelessly to prevent damaging projects, such as a proposed oil pipeline and uranium plant near the lake, but safeguarding this natural treasure remains a continuous challenge.
