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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is typically seen as a severe cold with symptoms like coughing, nasal congestion, and mild fever. While many recover at home, RSV is a major cause of hospitalization and complications, especially for young children and older adults. If left untreated, RSV can be fatal. Thankfully, a vaccine is now available. Let’s discuss who should get vaccinated and when.
Infants
Parents were relieved when an RSV vaccine became accessible for infants. The Centers for Disease Control recommends that all babies under eight months old receive the vaccine in the fall, along with their flu shot, although it can be administered later in the season if needed. Babies between eight and 19 months should also get the vaccine if they are immunocompromised, with premature infants being particularly vulnerable.
The RSV vaccine helps strengthen immunity for several months. Since it is now part of the mandatory vaccination schedule, it is provided at no extra charge through your healthcare provider, either fully covered by insurance or through the Vaccines for Children program. This program supports children who are Medicaid-eligible, as well as American Indian or Alaskan Native children. Babies can receive their vaccination during regular pediatric or family doctor visits as part of the standard vaccination timeline or based on the doctor's guidance.
Adults aged 60 and above
Adults over the age of 60 are at a higher risk of complications from RSV. According to the CDC, "Adults at the highest risk for severe RSV illness include older adults, those with chronic heart or lung diseases, individuals with weakened immune systems, and those living in nursing homes or long-term care facilities." A separate vaccine, different from the one given to children, is recommended for individuals over 60. This vaccine can also be administered alongside flu and COVID vaccines.
There are several places where you can get the vaccine. Your primary care doctor or pharmacy typically offers the RSV vaccine. In addition, similar to early COVID vaccine distribution, there are specialized clinics for RSV vaccinations, including public health clinics, Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC), and Rural Health Clinics (RHC).
These preventive shots are generally fully covered by insurance, though you may need to confirm that your provider is in-network. The CDC advises that for adults, "If you have Medicare Part D, your healthcare provider may suggest you get an RSV vaccine at a pharmacy. In some regions, a prescription may be required for the vaccine at a pharmacy. Consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist to identify the best location for getting the RSV vaccine in your area."
Individuals who are expecting
Between the 32nd and 36th weeks of pregnancy, the CDC advises receiving the RSV vaccine. Receiving the recommended vaccinations during pregnancy helps safeguard the baby against illnesses for up to six months after birth. Research shows that hospitalization rates are reduced by half for infants born to individuals who were vaccinated against RSV. Expecting individuals are typically given the vaccine during their prenatal visit, but they can also ask about obtaining it from a primary care doctor or a pharmacy.
Other adults and children aged eight months or older
Most individuals are not considered to be at significant risk for RSV infection. As with other respiratory diseases, those who are sick with RSV should keep their distance from others, particularly those who are vulnerable. Currently, vaccines for individuals under the age of 60 are neither recommended nor covered by insurance. If you feel you may be at risk of RSV due to other health conditions, consult with your healthcare provider on how to limit exposure.
