1. Focus on Calcium-Rich Foods
People prone to developing calcium oxalate stones should include more calcium in their diet and reduce salt intake. Dairy products, such as milk and cheese, are excellent sources of calcium. According to the US Food and Nutrition Board, adults need about 1000-1300 mg of calcium daily. For those who are lactose intolerant, calcium can be obtained from other food sources like fortified cereals. If calcium intake is insufficient, the body will absorb more oxalate, worsening kidney stones as oxalate contributes to stone formation.
Healthy calcium sources include eggs, milk, beans, and dark leafy vegetables. A target of 400mg of calcium per day is ideal for kidney stone patients, which is equivalent to 1.5 cups of milk. Be sure to incorporate these into your daily routine.


2. Avoid High-Protein Meats
Patients should reduce their intake of beef, poultry, and fish as these are high in protein. Protein plays a key role in the production of oxalate during metabolism. Oxalate stones are among the most common types and form easily, so kidney stone patients need to cut down on protein intake during treatment.
A high-protein diet increases oxalate levels in urine, contributing to stone formation. Nutrition experts emphasize that protein stimulates oxalate production, which leads to kidney stones. Therefore, individuals facing kidney stone issues should limit their protein intake for better health.


3. Add Insoluble Fiber to Your Diet
Fiber-rich foods are essential for people with kidney stones. Fiber is abundant in leafy greens and fresh fruits. When the body receives enough fiber, it helps stimulate better bowel movement, easing constipation. This is especially beneficial for those who have undergone lithotripsy (kidney stone treatment). Typical fiber-rich foods include whole grains, dark leafy vegetables, and beans. However, some vegetables may contain fiber that is hard to digest, so it's important to consult experts on the best fiber sources for your condition.
Fiber comes in two types: soluble and insoluble. Insoluble fiber helps maintain calcium levels in the body, preventing the formation of calcium stones. It also helps remove impurities from the body, preventing the accumulation of waste, particularly in the urinary system.
Sources of insoluble fiber can be found in grains like wheat, barley, and rice. Incorporating these into your meals will help in the fight against kidney stones.


4. Avoid Excessive Salt Intake
As we know, salt is a major culprit in the development of kidney stones, particularly calcium stones. The daily habit of consuming salty foods increases the risk. Therefore, it’s crucial to avoid salty foods such as salted meats, fish, and processed products like soy sauce and dried fish. These foods contain large amounts of salt that place additional strain on the kidneys and can even trigger the formation of more crystals, worsening the condition. Kidney stone patients should aim for a diet that is lower in salt (slightly less salty than usual).
Reducing salt intake plays a vital role in preventing kidney stones from worsening. Lowering sodium in your diet helps reduce calcium levels in urine, lowering the risk of calcium stone formation. The best approach is to avoid adding extra salt to food and limit high-sodium foods such as processed meats and fast foods (canned soups, instant noodles, etc.). Be mindful of seasoning and use moderate amounts to maintain flavor while supporting kidney stone treatment. Also, limit foods high in sodium like smoked meats.


5. Kidney Stone Patients Should Eat Ripe Pineapple
If you're wondering what to eat for kidney stones, pineapple is a must-try. Known for its pleasant aroma, pineapple, also called 'thơm' in Vietnamese, is not only delicious but also beneficial for health. Scientific studies show that pineapple contains bromelain, an enzyme known for its blood-thinning properties, aiding digestion, breaking down proteins, and especially helping to dissolve kidney stones. Additionally, eating pineapple can relieve pain caused by kidney stones and relax the muscles, making it easier for the stones to pass.
To support kidney stone treatment, you can eat fresh pineapple daily or drink its juice regularly. It's both nutritious and effective in helping manage the condition.


6. Avoid tea and coffee
Drinking tea and coffee daily has become a common habit for many people nowadays, and it is undeniable that tea offers numerous health benefits. Tea and coffee contain antioxidants, reduce stress, improve cardiovascular health, lower the risk of cancer, and alleviate joint inflammation. However, for those with kidney stones, tea and coffee are particularly harmful. Tea contains a high concentration of oxalates, the primary component responsible for kidney stones - urinary stones. Oxalates combine with calcium to form calcium oxalate stones, which account for about 80% of all kidney stone cases.
Individuals with kidney stones are strictly advised to avoid strong tea and coffee, as they inhibit calcium absorption in the body, leading to increased calcium excretion in urine, which raises the risk of calcium stones forming in the kidneys. Many types of tea contain high oxalate levels, which are particularly detrimental to kidney stone sufferers. In Vietnam, many elderly individuals with kidney stones still consume strong tea daily, despite dietary restrictions. This is harmful to their health.


7. Limit sugary soft drinks
In a study examining the impact of carbonated drinks on kidney stones, experts have found that: Consuming soft drinks increases the risk of kidney stones by 23% to 33% compared to those who do not consume them. Soft drinks contain phosphates, a compound identified as a contributor to kidney stone formation. Additionally, many canned sodas contain fructose – also known as fruit sugar – which enhances the kidneys' sensitivity to angiotensin II, a protein responsible for regulating salt balance. This means that salt is reabsorbed in the kidneys, leading to diabetes, obesity, kidney failure, and high blood pressure.
As such, most human health issues can stem from diet. A scientific and healthy eating regimen is the key to maintaining good health and minimizing disease. Therefore, it is important to limit carbonated drinks and foods that are harmful to kidney stone patients.


8. Uống nhiều nước
Chức năng của thận là lọc và loại bỏ những chất độc hại ra khỏi cơ thể thông qua nước tiểu. Tuy nhiên, trong quá trình hoạt động nhiều chất độc không thể hòa tan vào nước tiểu đã lắng đọng lại ở thận và hình thành sỏi thận. Tùy từng vị trí, mức độ lắng đọng và thời gian hình thành sỏi mà kích thước sỏi thận ở mỗi người, mỗi thời điểm là khác nhau. Uống nhiều nước là lời khuyên đầu tiên để sớm đẩy lùi bệnh sỏi thận.
Sỏi thận có kích thước nhỏ hơn 5mm có thể thoát ra ngoài cùng với nước tiểu. Do đó, người bệnh nên uống thật nhiều nước để tăng khả năng đào thải sỏi ra ngoài và ngăn ngừa sỏi phát triển. Mặt khác nước đóng vai trò quan trọng trong cơ thể. Nó giúp đẩy lùi cặn bã, tạp chất ra khỏi cơ thể, làm sạch đường ruột và hệ bài tiết. Giúp thận thực hiện tốt chức năng bài tiết của mình và làm các viên sỏi dần được hòa tan.
Bạn nên uống 6 - 8 ly nước mỗi ngày, tương đương với khoảng 2 - 3 lít nước để cơ thể được thanh lọc. Không nên sử dụng các đồ uống có chứa cồn, caffein hay chất kích thích khi bị sỏi thận. Vì nó sẽ ảnh hưởng xấu đến sức khỏe và làm trầm trọng thêm tình trạng sỏi thận hiện tại của bạn.


9. Manage foods rich in vitamin C
If the body has an excess of vitamin C, the surplus will be converted into oxalates, which are the primary substance that forms kidney stones. Therefore, if your doctor has advised you to reduce oxalates in your diet, you should stop consuming excessive amounts of vitamin C. Consuming more than 3000mg of vitamin C per day can lead to kidney stone formation.
However, you should not completely eliminate vitamin C-rich foods such as oranges, lemons, tomatoes, and broccoli. Instead, use them in moderation and consult with nutrition experts for the best approach. This way, you can still gain the maximum benefits of this vitamin while preventing kidney stone complications. Although fruit juices are beneficial, individuals with kidney stones should limit the intake of vitamin C-rich juices or dilute them before drinking. Some other drinks, such as corn berry juice, are also great for reducing kidney stones.


10. Include vitamin A in your diet
Vitamins and minerals are essential for maintaining good health, and among them, vitamin A plays a crucial role in kidney health. Vitamin A strengthens the immune system, protects cells, and helps prevent intestinal infections. Additionally, it enhances vision and combats the signs of aging. This vitamin is particularly important for kidney health, as it helps prevent the formation of kidney stones and promotes urination. A balanced diet that includes sufficient vitamin A can help manage the symptoms of kidney stones effectively.
Good sources of vitamin A include foods like carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, broccoli, yellow and red fruits, and leafy greens such as spinach and amaranth. Animal products like meat, eggs, butter, and milk are also excellent natural sources of this vitamin. These whole-food sources of vitamin A are pure, healthy, and safe to include in your diet.


