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While many in the West associate Vietnam primarily with its history of war and strife, which holds true for much of its past, the nation today is a treasure trove of cultural heritage and an intriguing destination.
This compilation sheds light on some of the most captivating aspects of the country, emphasizing its rich history and the vibrant lives of its inhabitants.
Though these ten points only scratch the surface, they serve as an excellent introduction to understanding the wonders of Vietnam.
10. The Country’s Name Isn’t Really 'Vietnam'
In English, the nation is officially known as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, though this isn't entirely accurate. The correct name is 'Viet Nam,' which is recognized as two separate words. However, in English-speaking countries, it is often written as one word. Both the Vietnamese government and the United Nations officially use 'Viet Nam' as the proper name.
The name 'Viet Nam' traces its origins to the 16th century, where it first appeared in a poem. However, the region had been inhabited long before that. As early as the 2nd century BC, the area now known as Vietnam was referred to as Nam Viet, meaning 'Southern Viet.'
Throughout history, the region was governed by various dynastic kingdoms, encompassing parts of southern China and northern Vietnam under numerous names. The territories controlled by these kingdoms shifted over time, and by 1802, the Nguyen dynasty ruled over southern Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.
Between 1804 and 1839, the country was officially named Viet Nam, but it underwent several changes, including Dai Nam and Dông Pháp, before reverting to the modern 'Viet Nam' in 1945. This name was adopted by the imperial government and has remained in use ever since.
9. Chain Restaurants Often Struggle Due to the Dominance of Street Food Culture
When McDonald’s debuted in Vietnam in 2014, it generated significant excitement. The initial month saw overwhelming crowds, with over 400,000 customers served, but the enthusiasm didn’t sustain.
At first, it appeared McDonald’s would successfully expand its global footprint, but its appeal in Vietnam faded rapidly. Despite the country’s population of 100 million, fewer than two dozen outlets remain. The fast-food giant struggled to compete with Vietnam’s rich culinary culture, which offered far more appealing alternatives.
Vietnam is celebrated for its world-class street food, which is both accessible and exceptional. Unlike fast-food chains, Vietnamese street food is fresh, flavorful, and nutritious, served quickly and tailored to individual tastes.
McDonald’s faced stiff competition from every corner, failing to gain a foothold or grow its presence. Its inability to incorporate local flavors into its menu made it seem out of place and disconnected from Vietnamese tastes.
8. Vietnam is a Global Leader in Coffee, Cashews, and Black Pepper Production
Every nation has its unique contributions, and for Vietnam, often referred to as the 'Queen of the Cashew,' it’s cashews. The country leads the world in cashew exports, shipping an average of 1.2 million tons annually.
This accounts for roughly 55% of global cashew production. Beyond cashews, Vietnam is also a major exporter of black pepper, primarily cultivated in Phu Quoc. In the 2019-2020 period, the country exported approximately 248,000 metric tons of black pepper, with the industry continuing to expand.
Another standout export is coffee. While South America dominates coffee production, Vietnam holds the second position globally, trailing only Brazil.
Vietnam produces an average of 1.542 metric tons of coffee annually. Coffee is a beloved beverage in the country, often priced at around $0.50 per cup. Notably, Vietnam supplies about 40% of the world’s Robusta coffee beans, making it the nation’s second-largest export after rice.
7. The Most Popular Sport in Vietnam is 'Kick Volleyball'
While Vietnam doesn’t officially designate a national sport, one game stands out in popularity: Sepak Takraw, often called 'Kick Volleyball.' This sport is widely enjoyed across the country.
Sepak Takraw is a favorite in Southeast Asia and has gained traction in other regions, including Canada and the United States. Played with a rattan ball, the game resembles soccer in that players can only use their feet, knees, and head. The court features a net measuring 20 feet (6.1 meters) in length and 5 feet (1.55 meters) in height.
The origins of Sepak Takraw remain somewhat unclear, though it is believed to have started in Thailand during the 18th century. Vietnam has become a powerhouse in the sport, frequently excelling in international tournaments. However, it has yet to be included in the Olympic Games.
The sport is a highlight at the SEA Games, a biennial multi-sport event. Vietnam is scheduled to host the 2021 SEA Games in Hanoi, marking its second time as host since 2003.
6. Snake Wine is Extremely Popular in Vietnam
Snake wine, one of Vietnam’s most iconic alcoholic beverages, is as intriguing as it sounds. It’s prepared in two primary ways: either by immersing a whole venomous snake in alcohol for several months until fully saturated, or by extracting the blood and bile from a live snake and mixing it with rice wine or grain alcohol.
Although snake wine didn’t originate in Vietnam, its roots trace back to China during the Western Zhou dynasty around 771 BC. Over time, it made its way to Vietnam, where it gained immense popularity.
Many believe that venomous snakes hold medicinal benefits, making snake wine a traditional remedy. Often consumed as an aphrodisiac or to enhance vitality, this unique drink is primarily found in Vietnam, as its export is prohibited.
Consuming snake wine carries certain risks, particularly when venomous snakes are used. Indirect envenomation can affect the vascular system, so caution is advised. Despite this, it’s widely consumed across Vietnam, with severe health complications being relatively uncommon.
5. Motorcycles Dominate as the Primary Mode of Transportation
If you’ve seen any films about the Vietnam War, or the Resistance War Against America as it’s known locally, you’ve likely noticed the overwhelming presence of motorcycles. This is because motorbikes are the most popular mode of transportation in the country.
Vietnam boasts approximately 45 million registered motorbikes, far outnumbering cars, trucks, bicycles, and other vehicles. On average, over three million new bikes are sold annually, with Honda dominating the market at around 76% share.
The variety of motorbikes in Vietnam is vast, with prices ranging from tens of millions of dong ($430) to over a billion dong ($43,000). These bikes are integral to daily life, with more than 79% of the population relying on them for commuting. In contrast, the global average for motorbike usage is just 10%, highlighting their significance in Vietnam.
Vietnam ranks fourth globally in motorbike ownership. However, in 2017, the government announced plans to ban motorbikes in Hanoi by 2030 to promote public transportation initiatives.
4. Vietnam is Home to the World’s Largest Known Cave Passage
You may have come across images of it online without realizing its significance. Hang Son Doòng is among the largest natural caves globally and, as of 2009, was recognized as the largest known cave passage by volume. Its name means 'cave of the mountain river.'
Discovered in 1991, the cave wasn’t formally surveyed until 2009 when explorers from the British Cave Research Association ventured inside. They uncovered an enormous cave system but were halted by a massive wall a few miles in. Later, this obstacle was overcome, revealing even more about the cave’s wonders.
The cave houses some of the tallest stalagmites in the world, with some towering up to 230 feet (70 meters). Its volume was calculated at 1.36×10 cubic feet (3.84×10 cubic meters), securing its status as the largest cave passage by volume worldwide.
Stretching 3.1 miles (5 km) long and reaching heights of 660 feet (200 meters) in certain areas, the cave’s width of 490 feet (150 meters) has led many to remark that a Boeing 747 could fly through it without touching the walls.
3. Water Puppetry is a Unique and Stunning Art Form
One of Vietnam’s most captivating cultural traditions is water puppetry, which originated in the 11th century in the Red River Delta villages of northern Vietnam. While puppetry is common across Asia, the use of water in Vietnamese performances sets it apart as a truly distinctive art form.
The puppets are made from lacquered wood and are controlled using bamboo rods rather than strings. Performances take place in waist-deep pools, with puppeteers concealed behind screens, skillfully maneuvering the puppets to dance and glide across the water’s surface.
These shows are often accompanied by a traditional Vietnamese orchestra, featuring instruments like drums, gongs, bamboo flutes, horns, and a monochord, along with vocal performances.
Chèo singers, performing a form of Vietnamese opera, often enhance the experience. The vibrant and coordinated performances frequently draw from Vietnamese folklore, legends, and historical tales. Water puppetry is a highlight of many festivals, serving as both entertainment and a celebration of cultural heritage.
2. Skipping a Bánh Mì Sandwich Means Missing Out on Vietnam’s Culinary Essence
Street food is a cornerstone of Asian culture, and while Vietnam offers iconic dishes like pho, the Bánh mì sandwich is an absolute must-try. Imagine a submarine sandwich, but packed with rich, savory flavors perfect for any time of day.
A classic Bánh mì features a mix of local ingredients, such as pork sausage, cilantro, pickled carrots, daikon, cucumber, and French-inspired condiments like chili, mayonnaise, or pâté. These fillings are nestled into a baguette or roll, sliced open, and enjoyed as either a quick snack or a full meal.
This culinary delight emerged in the mid-19th century during the French Indochina era, blending French and Vietnamese flavors into a harmonious creation. Anthony Bourdain famously called it 'a symphony in a sandwich.'
After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the Bánh mì gained international fame. While it’s available in Vietnamese restaurants worldwide, tasting it in its homeland is an unparalleled experience.
1. The Vietnamese National Flag Carries Deep Significance for Its People
Vietnam’s national flag displays a five-pointed star set against a red background. Rich in symbolism and national pride, the flag was first adopted in 1940, with a slightly revised version introduced in 1955.
The star’s five points signify the five key groups in Vietnamese society: workers, peasants, soldiers, intellectuals, and businesspeople. The red background honors the sacrifices made during the nation’s many conflicts, with the Vietnam War being just one chapter in a long history of struggle.
During the Vietnam War, the State of Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam used a flag with three red stripes on a yellow field. This design was retired in 1976 when the country unified under one government.
Today, the flag’s red field not only represents the bloodshed of the past but also the resilience and triumph of the revolution. A powerful emblem of national pride, it appears on clothing, food, at celebrations, and in countless other places where flags are displayed.
